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Service star

Article Discussion

Template:Short description Template:Redirect Template:Redirect Template:About Template:Infobox award A service star is a miniature bronze or silver five-pointed star Template:Convert in diameter that is authorized to be worn by members of the eight uniformed services of the United States on medals and ribbons to denote an additional award or service period.<ref name=DODM1348.33V3-SS/> The service star may also be referred to as a campaign star or battle star depending on which award the star is authorized for and the manner in which the device is used for the award.<ref name=DODM1348.33V3-CS/> "Battle star" is also the term used to refer to decorations issued by the United States Navy during World War II and the Korean War to individual ships, recognizing a vessel's participation in a particular battle or operation.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

File:Service stars on ribbons.jpg
Stars on service ribbons

Service stars, campaign stars, and battle stars are worn with one point of the star pointing up on the suspension ribbon of a medal or service ribbon. A silver star is worn instead of five bronze stars.<ref name=DODM1348.33V3-SS/> A service star is sometimes mistaken for a Bronze Star (Bronze Star Medal) or Silver Star (Silver Star Medal). The service star is also similar to the gold and silver [[5/16 inch star|Template:Frac -inch star]]s that may be authorized to be worn on specific individual decorations of certain services to denote additional decorations.

Service starsEdit

Expeditionary medalsEdit

Service stars are authorized for these United States expeditionary medals:

|CitationClass=web }}</ref> Each star represents a deployment in support of an approved GWOT operation. Four bronze service stars are authorized for five approved deployment operations (only one GWOT-EM is awarded for each operation). The five GWOT-EM-approved operations by inclusive dates are:<ref name=GWOTEM-SS/>

Service medalsEdit

Service stars are authorized to denoted additional awards for these United States service medals:

For the National Defense Service Medal, the addition of bronze service stars to denote participation in four of the designated wartime conflicts would be shown as (the time span from the end of the Korean War era in 1954 to the beginning of the Global War on Terrorism era in 2001 is 47 years, so it is highly improbable that any individual qualified for all four National Defense Service Medals in each of four eras):<ref>Air Force Personnel Center National Defense Service Presidential Unit Citation (Navy, Marine Corps, and Coast Guard) Medal Template:Webarchive</ref>

Korean War
Vietnam War
Gulf War
War on Terrorism
Template:Ribbon devices First award: any one of four conflicts
Template:Ribbon devices Second award: two of the four conflicts
Template:Ribbon devices Third award: three of the four conflicts
Template:Ribbon devices Fourth award: all four conflicts

Unit awardsEdit

Service stars are authorized for certain unit awards (The service ribbon itself indicates the first award, with a bronze service star being added to indicate the second and subsequent awards. If ever applicable, a silver service star is worn instead of five bronze stars.) such as the:

Campaign starsEdit

Campaign stars are authorized for these United States campaign medals (bronze and silver campaign stars are worn to denote participation in a designated campaign or campaign phase or period):<ref name=DODM1348.33V3-CS>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

For each designated campaign participated in, one star is worn on the ribbon. For example, when a member is authorized to wear the Iraq Campaign Medal, the potential addition of bronze and silver service stars for the seven designated Iraq Campaign phases would be:<ref name=medalfaq>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>Additional Phases Identified for Iraq Campaign Medal</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Template:Ribbon devices Any one of the seven phases
Template:Ribbon devices Two of the seven phases
Template:Ribbon devices Three of the seven phases
Template:Ribbon devices Four of the seven phases
Template:Ribbon devices Five of the seven phases
Template:Ribbon devices Six of the seven phases
Template:Ribbon devices All seven campaign phases

For many of these awards, service stars are earned by participation in campaign phases and all eligible periods for the award fall within those defined phases. In these cases, the campaign medal cannot be earned alone, and is always to be worn with at least one campaign star.

Battle starsEdit

Since February 26, 2004, the Global War on Terrorism Expeditionary Medal and the Global War on Terrorism Service Medal (GWOT-SM) are authorized to be awarded with bronze and silver battle stars for personnel who were engaged in specific battles in combat under circumstances involving grave danger of death or serious bodily injury from enemy action.<ref name=DODM1348.33V3-BtS>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name=GWOTMs-BS>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> However, though authorized for wear, no battle stars have been approved for wear. Only a combatant commander can initiate a request for a battle star, and the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff is the approving authority,<ref name=GWOTMs-BS/> which since January 2016 has been eliminated by the Department of Defense for the GWOT-SM.<ref>item #29, Military Decorations and Awards Review Results, Department of Defense, January 2016</ref>

Only one award of the Global War on Terrorism Expeditionary Medal and one award of the Global War on Terrorism Service Medal may be authorized for any individual. No service stars were authorized for the Global War on Terrorism Expeditionary or Service Medal<ref name=GWOTMs-BS/> until February 9, 2015, when the Department of Defense authorized service stars for the Global War on Terrorism Expeditionary Medal retroactive to September 11, 2001.<ref name=GWOTEM-SS/>

Earlier service stars and battle starsEdit

Service stars (were sometimes referred to as campaign stars or battle stars) were also authorized for the World War I Victory Medal, American Defense Service Medal, American Campaign Medal, European–African–Middle Eastern Campaign Medal, and Asiatic–Pacific Campaign Medal. The specific manner of wear and symbolism of the stars varied from medal to medal. For example, an American Campaign Medal with a bronze service star indicated the service member had participated in an antisubmarine campaign. On other medals, bronze service stars were used on the medal's service ribbon for those recipients of medals in possession of authorized campaign clasps for those medals.

Navy warshipsEdit

Historically, during World War II and the Korean War, commendations called "battle stars" were issued to United States Navy warships for meritorious participation in battle, or for having suffered damage during battle conditions. As an example, the USS Enterprise (CV-6) received 20 battle stars for her combat service in World War II, more than any other U.S. vessel during World War II. Similarly, during the Vietnam War and afterwards, the Battle Effectiveness Award ("Battle E") took the place of receiving "battle stars" for superior battle efficiency in place of combat operations.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

See alsoEdit

ReferencesEdit

Template:Reflist

External linksEdit

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