Shalmaneser I

Shalmaneser I (𒁹𒀭𒁲𒈠𒉡𒊕 ^mdsál-ma-nu-SAG Salmanu-ašared;<ref>ORACC Middle Assyrian Laws - Shalmaneser I</ref><ref>The name means: "[the god] Salmanu is preeminent"; Georges Roux, Ancient Iraq (Penguin, 3rd ed., 1992), p. 295.</ref> 1273–1244 BC or 1265–1235 BC) was a king of Assyria during the Middle Assyrian Empire. He was the son and successor of Adad-nirari I.<ref name="EB1911">{{#if: |

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File:Stele of king Shalmaneser I, 1263-1234 BCE. From Assur, Iraq. Pergamon Museum.jpg

Stele of king Shalmaneser I, 1263-1234 BCE. From Assur, Iraq. Pergamon Museum

Reign

Year 1: According to his annals, discovered at Assur, in his first year he conquered eight countries in the northwest and destroyed the fortress of Arinnu, the dust of which he brought to Assur.

Year 2: In his second year he defeated Shattuara, king of Hanilgalbat (Mitanni), and his Hittite and Ahlamu allies.<ref name="EB1911" /> He incorporated the remains of the Mittanni kingdom as part of one of the Assyrian provinces. Shalmaneser I also claimed to have blinded 14,400 enemy prisoners in one eye. He was one of the first Assyrian kings who was known to deport his defeated enemies to various lands rather than simply slaughtering them all.

He conquered the whole country from Taidu to Irridu, from Mount Kashiar to Eluhat, and from the fortresses of Sudu and Harranu to Carchemish on the Euphrates. He built palaces at Assur and Nineveh, restored the "world-temple" at Assur (Ehursagkurkurra), and founded the city of Kalhu (the biblical Calah/Nimrud).<ref name="EB1911" /> He was succeeded by his son Tukulti-Ninurta I.

File:KingshalmaneserI.jpg

Shalmaneser I pours out the dust of Arina before his God, illustration in Hutchinson's Story of the Nations

Annual limmu officials beginning with the year of accession of Šulmanu-ašared. The list is partly derived from Freydank<ref>Helmut Freydank, AoF 3 (2005), 45-56.</ref> and McIntyre.<ref>Eponyms of Shalmaneser 1 – Summary</ref> The exact order of the earliest limmus is conjectural but the ordering from Šerriya onwards is essentially fixed.

Notes

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Sources

• Dönbaz, Veysel, and Grant, Frame (1983). "The building activities of Shalmaneser I in Northern Mesopotamia". Annual Review of the Royal Inscriptions of Mesopotamia Project 1 (1983): 1–5.