Incubator escapee wiki

Sherman Alexie

Article Discussion

Template:Short description Template:Use mdy dates Template:Infobox writer

Sherman Joseph Alexie Jr. (born October 7, 1966) is a Native American novelist, short story writer, poet, screenwriter, and filmmaker. His writings draw on his experiences as an Indigenous American with ancestry from several tribes. He grew up on the Spokane Indian Reservation and now lives in Seattle, Washington.<ref name=konigsberg>Template:Cite news</ref>

His best-known book is the semi-autobiographical young adult novel, The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian (2007), which won the 2007 U.S. National Book Award for Young People's Literature<ref name="nba2007" /> and the Odyssey Award as best 2008 audiobook for young people (read by Alexie).<ref name="odyssey" />

He also wrote The Lone Ranger and Tonto Fistfight in Heaven (1993), a collection of short stories, which was adapted as the film Smoke Signals (1998), for which he also wrote the screenplay. His first novel, Reservation Blues, received a 1996 American Book Award.<ref name=ABAaba/> His 2009 collection of short stories and poems, War Dances, won the 2010 PEN/Faulkner Award for Fiction.<ref name=PEN/>

Early lifeEdit

Alexie was born at Sacred Heart Hospital in Spokane, Washington.<ref name="Native Americans today">Template:Cite book</ref> He is a citizen of the Spokane Tribe of the Spokane Reservation<ref name="gokee">Template:Cite news</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> and grew up on the Spokane Indian Reservation.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> His father, Sherman Joseph Alexie, was a citizen of the Coeur D'Alene Tribe, and his mother, Lillian Agnes Cox, was of Spokane, Colville, Choctaw, and European American ancestry.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="DLB 278">Template:Cite journalTemplate:Dead link</ref> One of his paternal great-grandfathers was of Russian descent.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Alexie was born with hydrocephalus, a condition that occurs when there is an abnormally large amount of cerebral fluid in the brain's ventricular system.<ref name="About Alexie">Template:Cite journal</ref> He had to have brain surgery when he was six months old, and was at high risk of death or mental disabilities if he survived.<ref name="DLB 278" /> Alexie's surgery was successful; he did not experience mental damage but had other side effects.<ref name="About Alexie" />

His parents were alcoholics, though his mother achieved sobriety. His father often left the house on drinking binges for days at a time. To support her six children, Alexie's mother, Lillian, sewed quilts, served as a clerk at the Wellpinit Trading Post, and worked other jobs as well.<ref name="About Alexie" />

Alexie has described his life at the reservation school as challenging, as he was constantly teased by other kids and endured abuse he described as "torture" from white nuns who taught there. They called him "The Globe" because his head was larger than usual, due to his hydrocephalus as an infant. Until the age of seven, Alexie had seizures and bedwetting; he had to take strong drugs to control them.<ref name="About Alexie" /><ref name="Authors & Artists">Template:Cite journalTemplate:Dead link</ref> Because of his health problems, he was excluded from many of the activities that are rites of passage for young Indian males.<ref name="Authors & Artists" /> Alexie excelled academically, reading everything available, including auto repair manuals.<ref name="Alexie Encyclopedia">Template:Cite journalTemplate:Dead link</ref>

EducationEdit

In order to better his education, Alexie decided to leave the reservation and attend high school, where he was the only Native American student,<ref name="Authors & Artists" /> 22 miles from the reservation in Reardan, Washington.<ref name="About Alexie" /> He excelled at his studies and became a star player on the basketball team, the Reardan High School Indians.<ref name="About Alexie" /> He was elected class president and was a member of the debate team.<ref name="About Alexie" />

His successes in high school won him a scholarship in 1985 to Gonzaga University, a Jesuit university in Spokane.<ref name="About Alexie" /><ref name="Authors & Artists" /> Originally, Alexie enrolled in the Pre-medical program with hopes of becoming a doctor,<ref name="Authors & Artists" /> but found he was squeamish during dissection in his anatomy classes.<ref name="Authors & Artists" /> Alexie switched to law, but found that was not suitable, either.<ref name="Authors & Artists" /> He felt enormous pressure to succeed in college, and consequently, he began drinking heavily to cope with his anxiety.<ref name="Artists 2011">Template:Cite journalTemplate:Dead link</ref> Unhappy with law, Alexie found comfort in literature classes.<ref name="Authors & Artists" />

In 1987, he dropped out of Gonzaga and enrolled in Washington State University (WSU),<ref name="Authors & Artists" /> where he took a creative writing course taught by Alex Kuo, a respected poet of Chinese-American background. Alexie was at a low point in his life, and Kuo served as a mentor to him.<ref name="DLB 278" /> Kuo gave Alexie an anthology entitled Songs of This Earth on Turtle's Back, by Joseph Bruchac. He was inspired by reading works of poetry written by Native Americans.<ref name="DLB 278" />

Sexual harassment allegationsEdit

On February 28, 2018, Alexie published a statement regarding accusations of sexual harassment against him by several women, to which he responded "Over the years, I have done things that have harmed other people" and apologized, while also admitting to having had an affair with author Litsa Dremousis, one of the accusers, whose specific charges he repudiated.<ref>Shapiro, Nina; Kiley, Brendan (2016). "Sherman Alexie addresses the sexual misconduct allegations that have led to fallout". The Spokesman - Review</ref><ref>Neary, Lynn (March 5, 2018). "'It Just Felt Very Wrong': Sherman Alexie's Accusers Go On The Record. NPR.</ref> Dremousis said that "she'd had an affair with Alexie, but had remained friends with him until the stories about his sexual behavior surfaced".<ref>Neary, Lynn (March 5, 2018). "'It Just Felt Very Wrong': Sherman Alexie's Accusers Go On The Record. NPR.</ref> She claimed that numerous women had spoken to her about Alexie's behavior.<ref name="times">Sherman Alexie Statement contributed by Shirley Qiu, Seattle Times. Dated February 28, 2018.</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Dremousis's response initially appeared on her Facebook page and was subsequently reprinted in The Stranger on March 1, 2018.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The allegations against Alexie were detailed in an NPR story five days later.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

The fallout from these accusations includes the Institute of American Indian Arts renaming its Sherman Alexie Scholarship as the MFA Alumni Scholarship. The blog Native Americans in Children's Literature has deleted or modified all references to Alexie.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In February 2018 it was reported that the American Library Association, which had just awarded Alexie its Carnegie Medal for You Don't Have to Say You Love Me: A Memoir,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> was reconsidering, and in March it was confirmed that Alexie had declined the award and was postponing the publication of a paperback version of the memoir.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The American Indian Library Association rescinded its 2008 Best Young Adult Book Award from Alexie for The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian, "to send an unequivocal message that Alexie's actions are unacceptable."<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref>

CareerEdit

Alexie published his first collection of poetry, The Business of Fancydancing: Stories and Poems, in 1992 through Hanging Loose Press.<ref name="DLB 278" /><ref name="Official Sherman Alexie website">Official Sherman Alexie website Template:Webarchive</ref> With that success, Alexie stopped drinking and quit school just three credits short of a degree. However, in 1995, he was awarded an honorary bachelor's degree from Washington State University.<ref name="Authors & Artists" />

In 2005, Alexie became a founding board member of Longhouse Media, a non-profit organization that is committed to teaching filmmaking skills to Native American youth and using media for cultural expression and social change. Alexie has long supported youth programs and initiatives dedicated to supporting at-risk Native youth.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Literary worksEdit

File:Red-ink-alexie-matsunaga-2016-3730 (27727653451).jpg
Alexie reading at the launch of RED INK: International Journal of Indigenous Literature, Art, and Humanities at Arizona State University in 2016

Alexie's stories have been included in several short story anthologies, including The Best American Short Stories 2004, edited by Lorrie Moore; and Pushcart Prize XXIX of the Small Presses. Additionally, a number of his pieces have been published in various literary magazines and journals, as well as online publications.

ThemesEdit

Alexie's poetry, short stories, and novels explore themes of despair, poverty, violence, and alcoholism in the lives of Native American people, both on and off the reservation. They are lightened by wit and humor.<ref name="Artists 2011" /> According to Sarah A. Quirk from the Dictionary of Library Biography, Alexie asks three questions across all of his works: "What does it mean to live as an Indian in this time? What does it mean to be an Indian man? Finally, what does it mean to live on an Indian reservation?"<ref name="DLB 278" /> The protagonists in most of his literary works exhibit a constant struggle with themselves and their own sense of powerlessness in white American society.<ref name="Artists 2011" />

PoetryEdit

Within a year of graduating from collegeTemplate:Clarify, Alexie received the Washington State Arts Commission Poetry Fellowship and the National Endowment for the Arts Poetry Fellowship.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> His career began with the publishing of his first two collections of poetry in 1992, entitled, I Would Steal Horses and The Business of Fancydancing.<ref name="DLB 278" /> In these poems, Alexie uses humor to express the struggles of contemporary Indians on reservations. Common themes include alcoholism, poverty, and racism.<ref name="DLB 278" /> Although he uses humor to express his feelings, the underlying message is very serious. Alexie was awarded The Chad Walsh Poetry Prize by the Beloit Poetry Journal in 1995.

The Business of Fancydancing: Stories and Poems (1992)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> was well received, selling over 10,000 copies.<ref name="Authors & Artists" /> Alexie refers to his writing as "fancydancing,"<ref name="Alexie Encyclopedia" /> a flashy, colorful style of competitive powwow dancing. Whereas older forms of Indian dance may be ceremonial and kept private among tribal members, the fancy dance style was created for public entertainment.<ref name="Alexie Encyclopedia" /> Alexie compares the mental, emotional, and spiritual outlet that he finds in his writings to the vivid self-expression of the dancers.<ref name="Artists 2011" /> Leslie Ullman commented on The Business of Fancydancing in the Kenyon Review, writing that Alexie "weaves a curiously soft-blended tapestry of humor, humility, pride and metaphysical provocation out of the hard realities...: the tin-shack lives, the alcohol dreams, the bad luck and burlesque disasters, and the self-destructive courage of his characters."<ref name="Artists 2011" />

Alexie's other collections of poetry include:

  • The Business of Fancydancing: Stories and Poems (1992)
  • Old Shirts and New Skins (1993)<ref name="Artists 2011" />
  • First Indian on the Moon (1993)<ref name="Artists 2011" />
  • Seven Mourning Songs For the Cedar Flute I Have Yet to Learn to Play (1994)<ref name="Artists 2011" />
  • Water Flowing Home (1996)<ref name="Artists 2011" />
  • The Summer of Black Widows (1996)<ref name="Artists 2011" />
  • The Man Who Loves Salmon (1998)<ref name="Artists 2011" />
  • One Stick Song (2000)<ref name="Artists 2011" />
  • Face (2009), Hanging Loose Press (April 15, 2009) hardcover, 160 pages, Template:ISBN<ref name="Artists 2011" />

Short storiesEdit

Alexie published his first prose work, entitled The Lone Ranger and Tonto Fistfight in Heaven, in 1993.<ref name="DLB 278" /> The book consists of a series of short stories that are interconnected. Several prominent characters are explored, and they have been featured in later works by Alexie. According to Sarah A. Quirk, The Lone Ranger and Tonto Fistfight in Heaven can be considered a bildungsroman with dual protagonists, "Victor Joseph and Thomas Builds-the-Fire, moving from relative innocence to a mature level on experience."<ref name="DLB 278" />

Ten Little Indians (2004) is a collection of "nine extraordinary short stories set in and around the Seattle area, featuring Spokane Indians from all walks of urban life," according to Christine C. Menefee of the School Library Journal.<ref name="Artists 2011" /> In this collection, Alexie "challenges stereotypes that whites have of Native Americans and at the same time shows the Native American characters coming to terms with their own identities."<ref name="Artists 2011" />

War Dances is a collection of short stories, poems, and short works. It won the 2010 PEN/Faulkner Award for Fiction. The collection, however, received mixed reviews.<ref name="Artists 2011" />

Other short stories by Alexie include:

  • Superman and Me (1997)
  • The Toughest Indian in the World (2000) (collection of short stories)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

  • "What You Pawn I Will Redeem" (2003), published in The New Yorker<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
  • Blasphemy: New and Selected Stories (2012)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

  • "Because My Father Always Said He Was the Only Indian Who Saw Jimi Hendrix Play 'The Star−Spangled Banner' at Woodstock"

NovelsEdit

In his first novel, Reservation Blues (1995), Alexie revisits some of the characters from The Lone Ranger and Tonto Fistfight in Heaven. Thomas Builds-the-Fire, Victor Joseph, and Junior Polatkin, who have grown up together on the Spokane Indian reservation, were teenagers in the short story collection. In Reservation Blues they are now adult men in their thirties.<ref name=Klinkenborg>Template:Cite newsTemplate:Dead link</ref> Some of them are now musicians and in a band together. Verlyn Klinkenborg of the Los Angeles Times wrote in a 1995 review of Reservation Blues: "you can feel Alexie's purposely divided attention, his alertness to a divided audience, Native American and Anglo."<ref name="Klinkenborg" /> Klinkenborg says that Alexie is "willing to risk didacticism whenever he stops to explain the particulars of the Spokane and, more broadly, the Native American experience to his readers."<ref name="Klinkenborg" />

Indian Killer (1996) is a murder mystery set among Native American adults in contemporary Seattle, where the characters struggle with urban life, mental health, and the knowledge that there is a serial killer on the loose. Characters deal with the racism in the university system, as well as in the community at large, where Indians are subjected to being lectured about their own culture by white professors who are actually ignorant of Indian cultures.<ref name="Artists 2011" />

Alexie's young adult novel, The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian (2007) is a coming-of-age story that began as a memoir of his life and family on the Spokane Indian reservation.<ref name="Artists 2011" /> The novel focuses on a fourteen-year-old Indian named Arnold Spirit. The novel is semi-autobiographical, including many events and elements of Alexie's life.<ref name="Artists 2011" /> For example, Arnold was born with hydrocephalus, and was teased a lot as a child. The story also portrays events after Arnold's transfer to Reardan High School, which Alexie attended.<ref name="Artists 2011" /> The novel received great reviews and continues to be a top seller. Bruce Barcott from the New York Times Book Review observed, "Working in the voice of a 14-year-old forces Alexie to strip everything down to action and emotion, so that reading becomes more like listening to your smart, funny best friend recount his day while waiting after school for a ride home."<ref name="Artists 2011" />

Flight (2007) also features an adolescent protagonist. The narrator, who calls himself "Zits," is a fifteen-year-old orphan of mixed Native and European ancestry who has bounced around the foster system in Seattle. The novel explores experiences of the past, as Zits experiences short windows into others' lives after he believes himself to be shot while committing a crime.<ref name="Artists 2011" />

MemoirEdit

Alexie's memoir, You Don't Have to Say You Love Me, was released by Hachette in June 2017.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Claudia Rowe of The Seattle Times wrote in June 2017 that the memoir "pulls readers so deeply into the author's youth on the Spokane Indian Reservation that most will forget all about facile comparisons and simply surrender to Alexie's unmistakable patois of humor and profanity, history and pathos."<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Alexie cancelled his book tour in support of You Don't Have to Say You Love Me in July 2017 due to the emotional toll that promoting the book was taking. In September 2017, he decided to resume the tour, with some significant changes. As he related to Laurie Hertzel of The Star Tribune, "I'm not performing the book," he said. "I'm getting interviewed. That's a whole different thing." He went on to add that he won't be answering any questions that he doesn't want to answer. "I'll put my armor back on," he said.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

FilmsEdit

In 1998 Alexie's film Smoke Signals gained considerable attention.<ref name="Artists 2011" /> Alexie based the screenplay on his short story collection, The Lone Ranger and Tonto Fistfight in Heaven, and characters and events from a number of Alexie's works make appearances in the film.<ref name="Artists 2011" /> The film was directed by Chris Eyre, (Cheyenne-Arapaho) with a predominantly Native American production team and cast.<ref name="Authors & Artists" /> The film is a road movie and buddy film, featuring two young Indians, Victor Joseph (Adam Beach) and Thomas Builds the Fire (Evan Adams), who leave the reservation on a road trip to retrieve the body of Victor's dead father (Gary Farmer).<ref name="Artists 2011" /> During their journey the characters' childhood is explored via flashbacks. The film took top honors at the Sundance Film Festival.<ref name="Artists 2011" /> It received an 86% and "fresh" rating from the online film database Rotten Tomatoes.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

The Business of Fancydancing, written and directed by Alexie in 2002, explores themes of Indian identity, gay identity, cultural involvement vs blood quantum, living on the reservation or off it, and other issues related to what makes someone a "real Indian." The title refers to the protagonist's choice to leave the reservation and make his living performing for predominantly-white audiences. Evan Adams, who plays Thomas Builds the Fire in "Smoke Signals", again stars, now as an urban gay man with a white partner. The death of a peer brings the protagonist home to the reservation, where he reunites with his friends from his childhood and youth. The film is unique in that Alexie hired an almost completely female crew to produce the film. Many of the actors improvised their dialogue, based on real events in their lives. It received a 57 percent and "rotten" rating from the online film database Rotten Tomatoes.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Other film projects include:

BibliographyEdit

{{ safesubst:#invoke:Unsubst||date=__DATE__ |$B=Template:AmboxTemplate:Main other }}

PoetryEdit

CollectionsEdit

  • The Business of Fancydancing: Stories and Poems (1992)
  • Old Shirts and New Skins (1993)
  • First Indian on the Moon (1993)
  • Seven Mourning Songs For the Cedar Flute I Have Yet to Learn to Play (1994)
  • Water Flowing Home (1996)
  • The Summer of Black Widows (1996)
  • The Man Who Loves Salmon (1998)
  • One Stick Song (2000)
  • Face (2009), Hanging Loose Press (April 15, 2009) hardcover, 160 pages, Template:ISBN
  • Hymn (2017)

Uncollected poemsEdit

Title Year First published Reprinted/collected Notes
10-4 2011 Template:Cite journal
Double Wit 2011 Template:Cite journal
Sasquatch Exposes the American Caste System 2011 Template:Cite journal
16D 2011 Template:Cite journal
In'din Curse 2012 Template:Cite journal
Autopsy 2017 Template:Cite journal
Hymn 2017 Template:Cite journal

MemoirEdit

  • You Don't Have to Say You Love Me (2017), Hachette Book Group, Template:ISBN.

NovelsEdit

Short fictionEdit

CollectionsEdit

List of short storiesEdit

Title Year First published Reprinted/collected Notes
Superman and Me 1997 Template:Cite journal
What You Pawn I Will Redeem 2003 Template:Cite magazine Best American Short Stories 2004
The Human Comedy 2010 Template:Cite journal A six-word story.
Idolatry 2011 Template:Cite journal
A Strange Day in July 2011 The Chronicles of Harris Burdick: Fourteen Amazing Authors Tell the Tales
Murder-Suicide 2012 Template:Cite journal A six-word story.
Happy Trails 2013 Template:Cite magazine
The Human Comedy Part II 2016 Template:Cite journal A six-word story.
Clean, Cleaner, Cleanest 2017 Template:Cite magazine
a Vacuum Is a Space Entirely Devoid of Matter 2017 Template:Cite journal

Children's booksEdit

Personal lifeEdit

Alexie is married to Diane Tomhave, a citizen of the Three Affiliated Tribes of the Fort Berthold Reservation, is of Hidatsa, Ho-Chunk and Potawatomi heritage.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> They live in Seattle with their two sons.<ref name="Official Sherman Alexie website"/>

Arizona HB 2281Edit

In 2012, Arizona's HB 2281 removed Alexie's works, along with those of others, from Arizona school curriculum. Alexie's response:

<templatestyles src="Template:Blockquote/styles.css" />

Let's get one thing out of the way: Mexican immigration is an oxymoron. Mexicans are indigenous. So, in a strange way, I'm pleased that the racist folks of Arizona have officially declared, in banning me alongside Urrea, Baca, and Castillo, that their anti-immigration laws are also anti-Indian. I'm also strangely pleased that the folks of Arizona have officially announced their fear of an educated underclass. You give those brown kids some books about brown folks and what happens? Those brown kids change the world. In the effort to vanish our books, Arizona has actually given them enormous power. Arizona has made our books sacred documents now.<ref>rdsathene, "Sherman Alexie "Arizona has made our books sacred documents now." Daily Kos, February 1, 2012.</ref>{{#if:|{{#if:|}}

— {{#if:|, in }}Template:Comma separated entries

}}

{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown=Template:Main other|preview=Page using Template:Blockquote with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | author | by | char | character | cite | class | content | multiline | personquoted | publication | quote | quotesource | quotetext | sign | source | style | text | title | ts }}

StyleEdit

Alexie's influences for his literary works do not rely solely on traditional Indian forms. He "blends elements of popular culture, Indian spirituality, and the drudgery of poverty-ridden reservation life to create his characters and the world they inhabit," according to Quirk.<ref name="DLB 278" /> Alexie's work often includes humor as well. According to Quirk, he does this as a "means of cultural survival for American Indians—survival in the face of the larger American culture's stereotypes of American Indians and their concomitant distillation of individual tribal characteristics into one pan-Indian consciousness."<ref name="DLB 278" />

Awards and honorsEdit

1992
1993
  • PEN/Hemingway Award for Best First Book of Fiction for the story collection The Lone Ranger and Tonto Fistfight in Heaven<ref name="DLB 278" />
1994
  • Lila Wallace-Reader's Digest Writers' Award<ref name="DLB 278" />
1996

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

1999
2001
2007
  • National Book Award, Young People's Literature, for The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian<ref name=nba2007>

"National Book Awards – 2007". National Book Foundation (NBF). Retrieved 2012-04-15.
(With acceptance speech by Alexie, interview with Alexie, and other material, partly replicated for all five Young People's Literature authors and books.)</ref>

2009

"Odyssey Award winners and honor audiobooks, 2008–present". ALSC. ALA. Retrieved 2012-04-19.</ref>

2010

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

2013
  • The John Dos Passos Prize for Literature<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

See alsoEdit

Template:Portal bar Template:Portal

ReferencesEdit

Template:Reflist

Other sources

External links and further readingEdit

Template:Sister project Template:Sister project 

 | name/{{#if:{{#invoke:ustring|match|1=0018963|2=^nm}}
   | Template:Trim/
   | nm0018963/
   }}
 | {{#if: {{#property:P345}}
   | name/Template:First word/
   | find?q=%7B%7B%23if%3A+Sherman+Alexie%0A++++++%7C+Sherman+Alexie%0A++++++%7C+%5B%5B%3ATemplate%3APAGENAMEBASE%5D%5D%0A++++++%7D%7D&s=nm
   }}
 }}{{#if:  0018963 {{#property:P345}} | {{#switch: 
 | award | awards = awards Awards for | biography | bio = bio Biography for
 }}}} {{#if: Sherman Alexie
 | Sherman Alexie
 | Template:PAGENAMEBASE
 }}] at IMDb{{#if: 0018963{{#property:P345}}
 | Template:EditAtWikidata
 | Template:Main other

}}{{#switch:{{#invoke:string2|matchAny|^nm.........|^nm.......|nm|.........|source=0018963|plain=false}} 

 | 1 | 3 =  Template:Main otherTemplate:Preview warning
 | 4 = Template:Main otherTemplate:Preview warning

}}{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown=Template:Main other|preview=Page using Template:IMDb name with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|showblankpositional=1| 1 | 2 | id | name | section }}

Interviews

Template:Sherman Alexie novels Template:American Book Awards Template:Authority control

Retrieved from "https://zalansite.site/mediawiki/index.php?title=Sherman_Alexie&oldid=493778"