Sinope (moon)
Template:Short description Template:Use dmy dates {{#invoke:infobox|infoboxTemplate | class = vcard | titleclass = fn org | title = Sinope | image = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image=Sinopé.jpg|upright={{#if:||1.1}}|alt=}} | caption = Sinope photographed by the Haute-Provence Observatory on 14 August 1998 | headerstyle = {{#if:|background-color:|background-color:#E0CCFF}} | labelstyle = max-width:{{#if:||11em}}; | autoheaders = y
| header1 = Discovery <ref name="Nicholson1914"/>
| label2 = Discovered by | data2 = Seth B. Nicholson | label3 = Discovery site | data3 = Lick Observatory | label4 = Discovery date | data4 = 21 July 1914 | label5 = Template:Longitem | data5 =
| header10 = {{#if:|Designations|Designations}}
| label11 = Template:Longitem | data11 = Jupiter IX | label12 = Pronunciation | data12 = Template:IPAc-en<ref>Template:Dict.com</ref><ref>Noah Webster (1884) A Practical Dictionary of the English Language</ref> | label13 = Template:Longitem | data13 = Σινώπη Sinōpē | label14 = Template:Longitem | data14 = | label15 = Template:Longitem | data15 = | label16 = Adjectives | data16 = Sinopean<ref>Sergey Vnukov (2010) "Sinopean Amphorae of the Roman Period", Ancient Civilizations from Scythia to Siberia 16</ref> Template:IPAc-en<ref>Hector Stuart (1876) Ben Nebo, and Other Poems, p. 22</ref> | label17 = Symbol | data17 =
| header20 = Orbital characteristics{{#ifeq:|yes| (barycentric)}} <ref name="MPC111777"/>
| data21 =
| data22 = {{#if:23 March 2018 (JD 2458200.5) |Epoch 23 March 2018 (JD 2458200.5)}}
| data23 = {{#if: | Uncertainty parameter {{{uncertainty}}}}}
| label24 = Observation arc
| data24 = 103.87 yr (37,938 days)
| label25 = Earliest precovery date
| data25 =
| label26 = {{#switch:{{{apsis}}} |apsis|gee|barion|center|centre|(apsis)=Apo{{{apsis}}} |Ap{{#if:|{{{apsis}}}|helion}}}}
| data26 =
| label27 = Peri{{#if:|{{{apsis}}}|helion}}
| data27 =
| label28 = Peri{{#if:|{{{apsis}}}|apsis}}
| data28 =
| label29 = {{#switch:{{{apsis}}} |helion|astron=Ap{{{apsis}}} |Apo{{#if:|{{{apsis}}}|apsis}}}}
| data29 =
| label30 = Periastron
| data30 =
| label31 = Apoastron
| data31 =
| label32 = Template:Longitem
| data32 = Template:Cvt
| label33 = Template:Longitem
| data33 =
| label34 = Eccentricity
| data34 = 0.3366550
| label35 = Template:Longitem
| data35 = –777.29 d
(2.13 years)
| label36 = Template:Longitem
| data36 =
| label37 = Template:Longitem
| data37 =
| label38 = Template:Longitem
| data38 = 71.53524°
| label39 = Template:Longitem
| data39 = Template:Deg2DMS / day
| label40 = Inclination
| data40 = 158.63840° (to ecliptic)
| label41 = Template:Longitem
| data41 =
| label42 = Template:Longitem
| data42 = 8.61437°
| label43 = Template:Longitem
| data43 =
| label44 = Template:Longitem
| data44 =
| label45 = Template:Longitem
| data45 = 60.30205°
| label46 = Template:Nowrap
| data46 =
| label47 = Satellite of
| data47 = Jupiter
| label48 = Group
| data48 = Pasiphae group
| label49 = {{#switch: |yes|true=Satellites |Known satellites}}
| data49 =
| label50 = Star
| data50 =
| label51 = Earth MOID
| data51 =
| label52 = Mercury MOID
| data52 =
| label53 = Venus MOID
| data53 =
| label54 = Mars MOID
| data54 =
| label55 = Jupiter MOID
| data55 =
| label56 = Saturn MOID
| data56 =
| label57 = Uranus MOID
| data57 =
| label58 = Neptune MOID
| data58 =
| label59 = TJupiter
| data59 =
| header60 = Proper orbital elements
| label61 = Template:Longitem
| data61 = {{#if: |{{{p_semimajor}}} AU}}
| label62 = Template:Longitem
| data62 =
| label63 = Template:Longitem
| data63 =
| label64 = Template:Longitem
| data64 = {{#if: |{{{p_mean_motion}}} degTemplate:\yr}}
| label65 = Template:Longitem
| data65 = {{#if:|{{#expr:360/1 round 5}} yr
({{#expr:365.25*360/1 round 3}} d) }}
| label66 = Template:Longitem
| data66 = {{#if:|{{{perihelion_rate}}} arcsecTemplate:\yr }}
| label67 = Template:Longitem
| data67 = {{#if:|{{{node_rate}}} arcsecTemplate:\yr}}
| header70 = Template:Anchor{{#if:| Physical characteristics|Physical characteristics}}
| label71 = Dimensions | data71 = | label72 = Template:Longitem | data72 = Template:Val<ref name="Grav2015"/> | label73 = Template:Longitem | data73 = | label74 = Template:Longitem | data74 = | label75 = Template:Longitem | data75 = | label76 = Flattening | data76 = | label77 = Circumference | data77 = | label78 = Template:Longitem | data78 = | label79 = Volume | data79 = | label80 = Mass | data80 = | label81 = Template:Longitem | data81 = | label82 = Template:Longitem | data82 = | label83 = Template:Longitem | data83 = | label84 = Template:Longitem | data84 = | label85 = Template:Longitem | data85 = Template:Val<ref name="Luu1991"/> | label86 = Template:Longitem | data86 = | label87 = Template:Longitem | data87 = | label88 = Template:Longitem | data88 = | label89 = Template:Longitem | data89 = | label90 = Template:Longitem | data90 = | label91 = Template:Longitem | data91 = | label92 = Template:Longitem | data92 = | label93 = {{#if: |Template:Longitem |Albedo}} | data93 = Template:Val<ref name="Grav2015"/> | label94 = Temperature | data94 =
| data100 = {{#if:|
{{#if:|}}{{#if:|}}{{#if:|}}{{#if:|}}| Surface temp. | min | mean | max |
|---|---|---|---|
| {{{temp_name1}}} | |||
| {{{temp_name2}}} | |||
| {{{temp_name3}}} | |||
| {{{temp_name4}}} |
}}
| label101 = Surface absorbed dose rate | data101 = | label102 = Surface equivalent dose rate | data102 = | label103 = Template:Longitem | data103 = | label104 = Template:Longitem | data104 = | label105 = Template:Longitem | data105 = 18.3<ref name="SheppardMoons"/> | label106 = Template:Longitem | data106 = 11.1<ref name="MPC111777"/> | label107 = Template:Longitem | data107 =
| header110 = Atmosphere
| label111 = Template:Longitem | data111 = | label112 = Template:Longitem | data112 = | label113 = Composition by volume | data113 =
| below = {{#if:||Template:Reflist }}
}}{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown=Template:Main other|preview=Page using Template:Infobox planet with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| abs_magnitude | adjective | adjectives | albedo | allsatellites | alt_names | angular_dist | angular_size | aphelion | apoapsis | apsis | apoastron | arg_peri | asc_node | atmosphere | atmosphere_composition | atmosphere_ref | avg_speed | axial_tilt | background | barycentric | bgcolour | caption | circumference | declination | density | dimensions | discovered | discoverer | discovery_method | discovery_ref | discovery_site | earliest_precovery_date | eccentricity | epoch | equatorial_radius | escape_velocity | exosolar planets | extrasolarplanet | family | flattening | group | image | image_alt | image_scale | inclination | jupiter_moid | label_width | long_periastron | magnitude | mars_moid | mass | max_temp_1 | max_temp_2 | max_temp_3 | max_temp_4 | mean_anomaly | mean_diameter | mean_motion | mean_orbit_radius | mean_radius | mean_temp_1 | mean_temp_2 | mean_temp_3 | mean_temp_4 | mercury_moid | min_temp_1 | min_temp_2 | min_temp_3 | min_temp_4 | minorplanet | moid | moment_of_inertia_factor | mp_category | mp_name | mpc_name | name | named_after | neptune_moid | node_rate | note | observation_arc | orbit_diagram | orbit_ref | p_eccentricity | p_inclination | p_mean_motion | p_orbit_ref | p_semimajor | periapsis | periastron | perihelion | perihelion_rate | period | physical_ref | polar_radius | pole_ecliptic_lat | pole_ecliptic_lon | pronounce | pronounced | right_asc_north_pole | rot_velocity | rotation | satellite_of | satellites | saturn_moid | scale_height | semi-amplitude | semimajor | sidereal_day | single_temperature | spectral_type | star | surface_area | surface_grav | surface_pressure | surface_absorbed_dose_rate | surface_equivalent_dose_rate | symbol | synodic_period | temp_name1 | temp_name2 | temp_name3 | temp_name4 | time_periastron | tisserand | uncertainty | uranus_moid | venus_moid | volume }}
Sinope Template:IPAc-en is a retrograde irregular satellite of Jupiter discovered by Seth Barnes Nicholson at Lick Observatory in 1914,<ref name="Nicholson1914"> Template:Cite journal</ref> and is named after Sinope of Greek mythology.
Sinope did not receive its present name until 1975;<ref name=Nicholson1938>Template:Cite journal (in which he declines to name the recently discovered satellites (pp. 93–94))</ref><ref>IAUC 2846: Satellites of Jupiter 1974 October (naming the moon)</ref> before then, it was simply known as Template:Nowrap. It was sometimes called "Hades"<ref name="Gaposchkin">Template:Cite book</ref> between 1955 and 1975.
OrbitEdit
Sinope orbits Jupiter on a high-eccentricity and high-inclination retrograde orbit. Its orbit is continuously changing due to solar and planetary perturbations.<ref name="Jacobson2000">Template:Cite journal</ref> Sinope is believed to belong to the Pasiphae group of retrograde irregular moons.<ref name="SheppardJewitt2003">Sheppard, S. S.; and Jewitt, D. C.; An Abundant Population of Small Irregular Satellites Around Jupiter, Nature, Vol. 423 (May 2003), pp. 261-263</ref> However, given its mean inclination and different colour, Sinope could be also an independent object, captured independently, unrelated to the collision and break-up at the origin of the group.<ref name="Grav2003">Grav, T.; Holman, M. J.; Gladman, B. J.; and Aksnes, K.; Photometric Survey of the Irregular Satellites, Icarus, Vol. 166 (2003), pp. 33-45</ref> The diagram illustrates Sinope's orbital elements in relation to other satellites of the group.
Sinope is also known to be in a secular resonance with Jupiter, similar to Pasiphae. However, Sinope can drop out of this resonance and has periods of both resonant and non-resonant behaviour in time scales of 107 years.<ref name="Nesvorny2004">Template:Cite journal</ref>
Physical characteristicsEdit
From measurements of its thermal emission, Sinope has an estimated diameter of Template:Cvt.<ref name="Grav2015" /> Sinope is pale red in color (colour indices V=18.63 B−V=0.84, R−V=0.46),<ref name="Grav2003" /> and it falls under the light red color-class, comparable to P-type asteroids and D-type asteroids. This sets it apart from Pasiphae, which is closer to C-type asteroids.
Sinope's infrared spectrum is similar to those of D-type asteroids but different from that of Pasiphae.<ref name="Grav2004">Template:Cite journal</ref> These dissimilarities of the physical parameters suggest a different origin from the core members of the group.