Sloppy joe
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A sloppy joe is a sandwich consisting of ground meat (typically beef), onions, tomato sauce or ketchup, Worcestershire sauce, and other seasonings served on a hamburger bun.<ref>Ingram, Gaye G., Labensky, Sarah R., Labensky, Steven. Webster’s New World Dictionary of Culinary Arts 2nd Edition.</ref> There are several theories about the sandwich's origin.<ref name=":0"/>
HistoryEdit
Early and mid-20th century American cookbooks offer plenty of sloppy joe-type recipes, though they go by different names: Toasted Deviled Hamburgers,<ref>Good Housekeeping Cook Book, Katharine Fisher [1944] (p. 534),</ref> Chopped Meat Sandwiches,<ref>Young America's Cook Book, Home Institute of the New York Herald Tribune [1940] (p. 36)</ref> Spanish Hamburgers,<ref>Cook Book, McCordsville Methodist Church [1951] (p. 7)</ref> Hamburg a la Creole,<ref>Prudence Penny's Cookbook, [1939] (p. 67)</ref> Beef Mironton,<ref>The New Butterick Cook Book, Flora Rose [1924] (p. 266)</ref> and Minced Beef Spanish Style.<ref>Mrs. Rorer's New Cook Book, Sarah Tyson Rorer [1902] (p. 157)</ref>
One theory of the sandwich's origin is that in 1917, Havana, Cuba bar owner José "Sloppy Joe" Abeal y Otero created "a simple sandwich filled with ground beef stewed in tomatoes."<ref name=":0">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> This was possibly his interpretation of ropa vieja or picadillo.<ref name=":0" /> His bar was reportedly frequented by Americans and Britons, including Errol Flynn, Ernest Hemingway, and Graham Greene.<ref name=":0"/> Circa 1937, Hemingway convinced Joe Russell, a bar owner in Key West, Florida, to rename his Silver Slipper bar Sloppy Joe's.<ref name=":0"/> Town Hall Deli in New Jersey claims that this same Cuban bar also served a messy sliced ham and turkey sandwich with Russian dressing that Town Hall copied and also named "Sloppy Joe" after the bar, creating much confusion.
Marilyn Brown, director of the consumer test kitchen at H.J. Heinz in Pittsburgh, says their research at the Carnegie Library suggests that the sloppy joe's origins lie with the "loose meat sandwiches" sold in Sioux City, Iowa, in the 1930s and were the creation of a cook named Joe.<ref>The American Century Cookbook: The Most Popular Recipes of the 20th Century, Jean Anderson.</ref>
A 1940 advertisement illustrates another use for the term "Sloppy Joe": a women's cardigan sweater, described as "ever popular."<ref>Advertisement, Pittsburgh Press. Oct. 8, 1940</ref>
References to sloppy joes as sandwiches begin by the 1940s. One example from Ohio is a 1944 Coshocton Tribune ad under the heading Template:"'Good Things to Eat' says 'Sloppy Joes' – 10c – Originated in Cuba – You'll ask for more – The Hamburg Shop" and elsewhere on the same page, "Hap is introducing that new sandwich at The Hamburg Shop – Sloppy Joes – 10c".<ref>Coshocton Tribune (Coshocton, Ohio), Oct. 29, 1944, p. 11</ref>
Food companies began producing packaged sloppy joe, in cans with meat,<ref>Archived at GhostarchiveTemplate:Cbignore and the Wayback MachineTemplate:Cbignore: {{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}Template:Cbignore</ref> or just the sauce, such as Manwich, by the 1960s.
A 1975 Dictionary of American Slang defines sloppy joe as any cheap restaurant or lunch counter serving cheap food quickly.<ref>Dictionary of American Slang, Wentworth & Flexner, 2nd supp. edition, p. 488</ref>
VariationsEdit
Several variations of the sloppy joe exist in North America. In Quebec, sandwiches of stewed ground beef such as pain à la viande and pain fourré gumbo are usually served on hot dog buns.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> A similar sandwich, the "dynamite", exists in the area around Woonsocket, Rhode Island, and is distinguished by the use of onions, bell peppers, and sometimes celery.<ref name="RINPRdynamite">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Keema pav of Indian cuisine uses a pav (from {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}, the Portuguese word for bread) bread roll filled with keema, a minced, stewed, curried meat.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In Brazil, a {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} sandwich is prepared with ground beef in a {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} bread roll.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
New JerseyEdit
In some stores in northern New Jersey, an unrelated sandwich made with a combination of lunch meats, such as turkey, roast beef, or especially pastrami, with coleslaw, Russian dressing, and Swiss cheese on three slices of rye bread is also known as a sloppy joe.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
See alsoEdit
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- Barbecue sandwich
- Chipped beef
- Chili burger
- Chopped cheese
- Horseshoe sandwich
- Keema
- Mitraillette
- Picadillo
- Roti john
- List of American foods
- List of American sandwiches
- List of sandwiches