Sohn Kee-chung
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Sohn Kee-chung (Template:Langx; {{#invoke:IPA|main}}; August 29, 1912<ref name=Lewis>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name=ARRS>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> – November 15, 2002) was a Korean Olympic athlete and long-distance runner. He became the first Korean to win a medal at the Olympic Games, winning gold in the marathon at the 1936 Berlin Olympics. He was born in the Korean Peninsula, but he was forced to compete as a member of the Japanese delegation because Korea was under Japanese rule at the time.<ref name="sr">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Sohn set an Olympic record of 2 hours 29 minutes 19.2 seconds.<ref name="longman"/>
Sohn competed under the Japanese name Template:Transliteration, as Korea was under Japanese occupation during his career.<ref name=sr/><ref name="longman">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Early lifeEdit
Sohn Kee-chung was born on August 29, 1912, in Sinuiju (then "Shingishū"), Heianhoku-dō, Korea, Empire of Japan (now in North Korea).<ref name=":0">Template:Citation</ref><ref name="Lewis" /><ref name="sr" /> He was born into the Template:Ill.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Sohn reportedly had a talent for running even at a young age. In sixth grade, he placed first in a regional 5 km race, beating out older competitors.<ref name=":0" /> He studied at Yangchung High School in Seoul, which was reputed for its track and field program.<ref name=":0" /> He then enrolled in and graduated from Meiji University in Tokyo.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Athletics careerEdit
In 1931, he ran as the representative of his province at the Chōsen Shrine Competition (Template:Korean) in Seoul (Keijō), and placed first. In 1932, he came in second in the Kyŏngyŏng Race (Template:Korean), which was hosted by newspaper The Dong-A Ilbo. In April 1932, he won the Tokyo-Yokohama ekiden (road race).<ref name=":0" />
Sohn first competed in the 1,500 and 5,000 m, but turned to longer distances after winning the Chōsen Shrine Competition in October 1933.<ref name=":0" /> Between 1933 and 1936, he ran 12 marathons; he finished in the top three on all occasions and won nine.<ref name=sr/> On November 3, 1935, in Tokyo, Japan, Sohn set a world record in the marathon with a time of 2:26:42, which broke the world record 2:26:44 set by Yasuo Ikenaka of Japan at the Berlin Olympic trials on April 3, 1935, in Tokyo, Japan.<ref name="IAAF">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>Men's World Record Times – 1932 to 1938. Marathonguide.com. Retrieved on June 9, 2015.</ref> According to the International Association of Athletics Federations, the record remained unbroken until Sohn's own trainee, Suh Yun-Bok, won the 1947 Boston Marathon.<ref name="IAAF" /><ref>However, Suh’s performance was set on a course considered to be short by someTemplate:Who road racing authorities, which means Sohn's world record would have lasted until the early 1950s. (See the Association of Road Racing Statistician's web pages regarding the Boston Marathon and World Best Progressions.)</ref> Unofficially, he ran a marathon with a time under 2:24 on April 27, 1935, in Seoul, South Korea.
1936 Berlin OlympicsEdit
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Sohn, competing for the Empire of Japan, won the gold medal at the 1936 Summer Olympics in the marathon. He ran the Template:Convert course in 2:29:19.2, breaking the Olympic record.<ref name="longman"/> His teammate Nam Sung-yong took the bronze medal. As Korea was under Japanese rule at the time, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) officially credited Japan with Sohn's gold and Nam's bronze in the 1936 Summer Olympics medal count.
On December 9, 2011, the IOC recognized Sohn's Korean nationality in his official profile. It cited his efforts to sign his Korean name and his stress on Korea's status as a separate nation during interviews. The move was part of the Korean Olympic Committee's repeated requests to acknowledge Sohn's background. However, the IOC ruled out changing the nationality and registered name per official records to prevent historical distortions.<ref>The Chosun Ilbo (English Edition): Daily News from Korea – Late Recognition for Korean Olympic Athlete Sohn Kee-chung. English.chosun.com (December 16, 2011). Retrieved on June 9, 2015.</ref>
Political significanceEdit
Under orders from Tokyo, Sohn Kee-chung had to compete using the Latin alphabet name of Template:Transliteration. It is the romanization of the Japanese pronunciation of his Korean name in hanja.<ref>Sohn Kee-chung. beijing2008.cn</ref>
Sohn refused to acknowledge the Japanese anthem while it was played at his award ceremony and later told reporters that he was ashamed to run for Japan.<ref name=sr/> When the Dong-a Ilbo published a photograph of Sohn at the medal ceremony, it altered the image to remove the Japanese flag from his running tunic. The act enraged the Japanese Governor-General of Korea Minami Jiro in Seoul. The Kempetai military police imprisoned eight people connected with the newspaper and suspended its publication for nine months.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Athletics at the 1936 Berlin Summer Games: Men's Marathon. sports-reference.com</ref>
Hellenic prizeEdit
For winning the marathon, Sohn was to have received an ancient Corinthian helmet from the 8th century BC, which was discovered at Olympia, Greece, and later purchased by a newspaper in Athens to give as an Olympic award. However, the IOC believed that presenting such a valuable gift to a runner would violate its amateur rules. The helmet was placed in a Berlin museum and remained there for 50 years. It was finally presented to Sohn in 1986.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Marathon Winner in '36 Berlin Games Will Be Given Prize—50 Years Late. Reuters. August 10, 1986</ref> Sohn donated the helmet to the National Museum of Korea, which designated it as the 904th and only Western National Treasure.<ref name="nmk904">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> There was initially a plan to award replicas of this helmet to the winners of the 2006 Sohn Kee-chung marathon,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> but they eventually got only a chance to wear a replica.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Later lifeEdit
Sohn was the team manager for the Korea at the 1948 and 1952 Summer Olympics and was the nation's flag bearer in the London 1948 opening ceremony.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Sohn spent the remainder of his career in South Korea coaching other notable runners such as Suh Yun-Bok, the winner of the Boston Marathon in 1947;<ref name=sr/> Ham Kee-Yong, winner of the Boston Marathon in 1950; and Hwang Young-Cho, who was the gold medalist of the 1992 Summer Olympics marathon, and whom Sohn Kee-chung especially went to Barcelona to see. Sohn also became the Vice Chairman of the Korean Sport & Olympic Committee. At the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul, he was given the honor of carrying the Olympic torch in the stadium during the opening ceremony.<ref name=sr/><ref name="sohn" />
Sohn authored an autobiography entitled My Motherland, My Marathon ({{#invoke:Lang|lang}}).<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
He was honored with the Moran Class of the Korean Order of Civil Merit.
Death and legacyEdit
Sohn died at midnight on November 15, 2002, at age 90 from pneumonia. He was buried at the Daejeon National Cemetery. The Sohn Kee-chung Park in Seoul was established in his honor.<ref name="sohn">Template:Cite news</ref> He was also posthumously made a Grand Cordon (Blue Dragon) of the Order of Sport Merit.
In popular cultureEdit
Sohn appears in Zainichi author Yu Miri's semi-autobiographical novel The End of August ({{#invoke:Lang|lang}}) about her grandfather, Yang Im-deuk, who was a rival of Sohn's when they were young.
Actors who played Sohn Kee-chungEdit
- Portrayed by Yoon Hee-won in the 2011 film My Way.
- Portrayed by Ha Jung-woo in the 2023 film Road to Boston.
ReferencesEdit
External linksEdit
Template:S-start Template:S-ach Template:Succession box Template:S-sports Template:Succession box Template:S-end {{#invoke:Navbox|navbox}} Template:Footer WBYP Marathon Men Template:Japan Championships in Athletics men's marathon champions Template:Korean Sports Hall of Fame