Sophora microphylla

Sophora microphylla, commonly known as weeping kōwhai and small-leaved kōwhai, is a species of flowering tree in the family Fabaceae native to New Zealand. It is the most widespread of the eight species of kōwhai (the New Zealand Sophora). It is also called South Island kōwhai, although this name is misleading as it is widely distributed throughout the main islands of the country.

Growing to Template:Convert tall and broad, it is an evergreen shrub or small tree. Each leaf is Template:Convert long with up to 40 pairs of shiny oval leaflets. It produces many racemes of pea-like yellow flowers<ref name=RHSAZ>Template:Cite book</ref> from August or as early as May through to October.<ref name=NZPCN>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The specific epithet microphylla means "small-leaved".<ref name=RHSLG>Template:Cite book</ref> The plant has smaller leaflets (around 3–6 mm long by 2–5 mm wide) and flowers (1.8-5.0 cm long)<ref name=NZPCN/> than the other well known species, Sophora tetraptera (large-leaved kōwhai). When young S. microphylla has a divaricating and bushy growth habit with many interlacing branches, which begins to disappear as the tree ages.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

It occurs throughout the main islands of New Zealand, though is scarce in parts of Northland and parts of the eastern North Island from East Cape south to northern Wairarapa.<ref name=NZPCN/>

The cultivar Template:Tdes 'Hilsop' has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Ecology

Sophora microphylla is one of three known native species that hosts the native longhorn beetle Coptomma variegatum.<ref name="Checklist">Template:CiteQ</ref>

Its nectar is toxic to the honeybee.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>

Pre-human forests

Studies of accumulated dried vegetation in the pre-human mid-late Holocene period suggests a low Sophora microphylla forest ecosystem in Central Otago that was used and perhaps maintained by giant moa birds, for both nesting material and food. Neither the forests nor moa existed when European settlers came to the area in the 1850s.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>

• Sophora-microphylla-foliage.jpg

  Foliage

• Sophora microphylla.(Kowhai) (14901091036).jpg

  Flowers

• Sophora microphylla MHNT.BOT.2008.1.46.jpg

  Seeds