Star Ferry

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File:Star Ferry.png

Star Ferry routes as of 2010

File:早期的天星小輪.PNG

A Star Ferry in the 1920s

File:Starferryrat.jpg

A Star Ferry in Asia's World City livery carries passengers across Victoria Harbour

File:Star Ferry crew using billhook to catch rope at Central ferry pier, Hong Kong.jpg

Crew using billhook to moor ferry at Central pier, a method in use since the 19th century

File:Star Ferry (Night Star) 20180409.jpg

Star Ferry Night Star

The Star Ferry (Template:Zh) is a passenger ferry service operator and tourist attraction in Hong Kong.<ref>DeWolf, Christopher "9 Hong Kong tourist traps – for better or worse" CNN Go. 27 October 2010. Retrieved 3 March 2012</ref> Its principal routes carry passengers across Victoria Harbour, between Hong Kong Island and Kowloon. The service is operated by the Star Ferry Company, which was founded in 1888 as the Kowloon Ferry Company, and which adopted its present name in 1898.

With a fleet of twelve ferries, the company operates two routes across the harbour, carrying over 70,000 passengers per day, or 26 million per year. Even though the harbour is crossed by railway and road tunnels, the Star Ferry continues to provide a scenic yet inexpensive mode of harbour crossing. The company's main route runs between Central and Tsim Sha Tsui. Template:TOC limit

HistoryEdit

Before the steam ferry service was first established, people would cross the harbour in flat-bottomed wooden boats known as sampans. In 1870, a man named Grant Smith brought a twin-screw wooden-hulled boat from England and started running it across the harbour at irregular intervals.<ref name=star>Eric Cavaliero, Star of the harbour Template:Webarchive, The Standard, 6 February 1997</ref>

In July 1873, an attempt was made to run steam ferries between Hong Kong and Kowloon. This was stopped at the request of the British consul in Canton, who feared it would enable visits to gambling houses in Kowloon.<ref name=star/> It is thought that a service to the public was established in the mid-to-late 1870s, after the cession of Kowloon to the British in 1860.<ref name=EIA1>EIA: A survey report of Historical Buildings and Structures within the Project Area of the Central Reclamation Phase III, Chan Sui San Peter for the HK Government, February 2001</ref>

The company was founded by Parsee merchant Dorabjee Naorojee Mithaiwala as the "Kowloon Ferry Company" in 1888. Naorojee bought Smith's boat,<ref name=star/> and later acquired two steam vessels from a Mr Buxoo, naming them Morning Star and Evening Star.<ref name="EIA1" />

At the time regular service was initiated, ships were moored by having a sailor on the vessel toss the rope to another on the pier, who would then catch it with a long billhook. This is still done today.<ref name="24 hours">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

The popularity of this means of transport enabled him to increase his fleet to four vessels within 10 years: the Morning Star, Evening Star, Rising Star and Guiding Star. Each boat had a capacity of 100 passengers, and the boats averaged 147 crossings each day.<ref name="star" /> He incorporated the business into the "Star Ferry Co Ltd" in 1898.<ref name="EIA1" /> The ship names and, subsequently, the company name was inspired by his love of Alfred Lord Tennyson's poem "Crossing the Bar", of which the first line reads "Sunset and evening star, and one clear call for me!".Template:Citation needed

On his retirement in 1898, Naorojee sold the company to The Hongkong and Kowloon Wharf and Godown Company Limited, at that time owned by Jardine, Matheson & Co. and Sir Paul Chater.<ref name="star" />

A pier constructed on the western end of Salisbury Road opened in 1906, it was a fine massive structure at that time and it also had a separate compartment for the first and second class.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> However, it was destroyed by a typhoon in September 1906.

At the turn of the century, Hong Kong currency and Canton currency were both accepted as legal tender in Hong Kong. In the autumn of 1912, following a devaluation, the Star Ferry caused a controversy by insisting, together with the tramways, that payment had to be made in Hong Kong currency only. Canton coinage would no longer be accepted.<ref name="floats">Richard Frost, History floats aboard Star ferries Template:Webarchive, The Standard, 1 May 1998</ref>

In 1924, the Yaumati Ferry operated the route to Kowloon in a duopoly.<ref>Wiltshire, Trea. [First published 1987] (republished & reduced 2003). Old Hong Kong – Volume One. Central, Hong Kong: Text Form Asia books Ltd. Page 71. ISBN Volume One 962-7283-59-2</ref> In 1933, the Star Ferry made history by building the Electric Star, the first diesel electric passenger ferry of its kind.<ref name=star/>

By 1941, the company had six vessels. During the Japanese occupation of Hong Kong, the competing Yaumati Ferry was allowed to continue, while the Japanese commandeered the Star Ferry for their own purposes. The Golden Star and the Meridian Star were used to transport prisoners of war from Sham Shui Po to Kai Tak Airport.<ref name=star/>Template:Better source In 1943, the Golden Star was bombed and sunk in the Canton River by the Americans, and the Electric Star was sunk in the harbour. After the war, the ferries were recovered and returned to service.<ref name=star/>

In the early 1950s, construction of the present twin-piered terminal commenced on both sides of Victoria Harbour, designed to handle 55 million passenger trips a year.<ref>Steven Ribet and Amy Tse, Making the connection Template:Webarchive, The Standard, 1 September 1999</ref> The structure was completed in 1957, concurrent with the Edinburgh Place Ferry Pier built on the island side.

The Star Ferry accepted the request by the government of operating the Hung Hom route in 1963. It almost failed to operate as the company thought it could not make profit from it.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> But with the reconsideration by the Star Ferry, the route was confirmed to be operating starting from March 1965.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Until the opening of the Cross-Harbour Tunnel in 1972, the Star Ferry remained the main means of public transportation between Hong Kong Island and the Kowloon side.

It was rated first in the "Top 10 Most Exciting Ferry Rides" poll by SATW (Society of American Travel Writers) in February 2009.<ref>SATW Society of American Travel Writers: SATW's Top Ten Ferry Rides Template:Webarchive</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

The Star Ferry operates on a franchise from the government, which was last renewed in March 2018.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Public protestsEdit

{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} In 1966, a fare increase of 5 cents (or 25%) of the ferry was a political milestone, as it caused a 27-year-old student to go on hunger strike in protest at the Edinburgh Place terminal. His arrest sparked the 1966 Hong Kong riots.<ref name=EIA1/>

{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} On 11 November 2006, the end of an era was marked when the third generation pier in Central, the Edinburgh Place Ferry Pier, ended its mission, along with the big clock tower. The pier was destroyed to make way for reclamation, amidst great controversy and peaceful but reasonable protests.

ServicesEdit

ExistingEdit

File:Star Ferry Token.jpg

An adult Star Ferry token or jeton

The Star Ferry operates the following cross-harbour routes (the fares (in HK$ below) are effective from 9 February 2021<ref name="starferry.com.hk">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>):

Central to Tsim Sha Tsui. For lower deck, it costs $4 on Mondays to Fridays; $5.60 on Saturdays, Sundays and public holidays. For upper deck, $5 on Mondays to Fridays; $6.50 on Saturdays, Sundays and public holidays.
Wan Chai to Tsim Sha Tsui for $5 on Mondays to Fridays; $6.50 on Saturdays, Sundays and public holidays.
Harbour Tour: a tourist cruise, making an indirect, circular route to all the stops, namely Tsim Sha Tsui, Central and Wan Chai.

Passengers may use Octopus or tokens (Jeton) to pay for the ride. Tokens are available in the vending machines at the piers. Direct payment by coins at turnstile is no longer accepted.

The Tsim Sha Tsui – Central route does not accept cycles, but the Tsim Sha Tsui – Wan Chai route accepts cycles for an extra charge of $14, except during the evening peak hour from Wan Chai to Tsim Sha Tsui.<ref name="starferry.com.hk"/>

Tsim Sha Tsui to Hong Kong Disneyland.

Star Ferry has announced plans to provide sightseeing service between Tsim Sha Tsui and Disneyland Resort Pier, which has been empty since its opening. This route consists of two departures and the round trip fare is $180. Passengers can enjoy views of Tsing Ma Bridge during the 45-minute journey on the luxury ferry World Star.

FormerEdit

Central to Hung Hom for $6.30, terminated effective 1 April 2011.<ref name="nextstophongkong.com">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Wan Chai to Hung Hom for $6.30, terminated effective 1 April 2011.<ref name="nextstophongkong.com"/>

Charter and hireEdit

The Star Ferry "Golden Star' is available for daily charter, for up to 300 people, having been refurbished for cruises and functions, with tables, larger sightseeing windows, an air-conditioned area, and a public address and music system.

FleetEdit

There are currently 9 diesel-electric ferries in the fleet,<ref>"Company profile" Star Ferry Co. Retrieved 2012-0-3-04</ref> together with a tug.<ref name=sfhist>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Over the years, the fleet has included:

Star Ferry Fleet
Name	IMO	Reg	Year Built	Builder	Seats	Notes	Image (green and white livery)	Image (other colors)
Morning Star (曉星號)			1871	English-built steamboat	app 100	The first "Star" Ferry,<ref name="sfhist"/> served from 1871 to 1898	The first Morning Star
Evening Star (夜星號)			1888	English-built steamboat	100	The second "Star" Ferry,<ref name="sfhist"/> served from 1888 to 1902
Rising Star (高星號)			1890		100	Served from 1890 to 1902
Guiding Star (導星號)			1896		100	Served from 1896 to 1904
Morning Star (曉星號)						Served from 1898 to 1903	The first Morning Star
Northern Star (北星號)			1900			Served from 1900 to 1959
Southern Star			Template:Circa
Polar Star (極星號)			1901			Served from 1901 to 1927
Morning Star (曉星號)						Served from 1904 to 1928	The first Morning Star
Electric Star (電星號)			1933			Served from 1933 to 1968, sunk in 1943 (and later recovered) and converted to diesel boat in 1948
Golden Star (金星號)			1928			Served from 1928 to 1968, sunk in 1943 (and later recovered) and converted to diesel boat in 1953. Available for daily charter
Celestial Star (天星號)	8951360	A2071	1956–2011	Hong Kong & Whampoa Dock	576	Currently the oldest vessel in service	Celestial Star
Radiant Star (耀星號)			citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	Likely Hong Kong & Whampoa Dock		Featured in the film The World of Suzie Wong
Meridian Star (午星號)	5232725	A2671	1958	Hong Kong & Whampoa Dock	484	Modified in 2012 as back-up vessel for Star Ferry Harbour Tour; subsequently re-modified to ordinary ferry standard in 2013	Meridian Star
Solar Star (日星號)	5333335	A2681	1958	Hong Kong & Whampoa Dock	547		Solar Star File:Star-Ferry Solar-Star 022623.jpg
Northern Star (北星號)	8951372	A2971	1959	Hong Kong & Whampoa Dock	547		Northern Star
Night Star (夜星號)	8891091	A3136	1963	Hong Kong & Whampoa Dock	576	Named for original Kowloon Ferry Company's Night Star	Night Star	Night Star
Day Star (晨星號)	8891120	A4041	1964	Hong Kong & Whampoa Dock	576		Day Star File:Star-Ferry Day-Star 250223.jpg	Day Star
Shining Star (輝星號)	8891118	A3841	1964	Hong Kong & Whampoa Dock	576	Now used for the Star Ferry Harbour Tour (top sections were opened up); reproduction of 3rd generation ferries c. 1920s	Shining Star
Twinkling Star (熒星號)	8891132	A2961	1964	Hong Kong & Whampoa Dock	576		Twinkling Star	Twinkling Star
Morning Star (曉星號)	8891144	A2801	1965	Hong Kong & Whampoa Dock	399	Named for original Kowloon Ferry Company's Morning Star; Retrofitted with Caterpillar diesel-electric propulsion system in 2020	Morning Star	Morning Star
Silver Star (銀星號)	8891156	A4241	1965	Hong Kong & Whampoa Dock	399	Retrofitted with Caterpillar diesel-electric propulsion system in 2021	Silver Star
Golden Star (金星號)	8951384	A5153	1989–2011	Wang Tak Engineering & Shipbuilding Ltd	762	Sold to private owner in 2011	Golden Star
World Star (世星號)	8890968	A5243	1989–2011	Wang Tak Engineering & Shipbuilding Ltd	762		World Star
Glowing Star (耀星號)				Hong Kong Shipyard	288	ex-British Army vessel rented by Star Ferry between 2001 and 2005
Kowloon						Tugboat
Pacific Princess	8624527		1971			Bought from Australia as Temeraire II, and in fleet from 1988 to 1994 as Lady Star (后星號); subsequently modified to corporate yacht of Kowloon Wharf Group		Pacific Princess (ex Lady Star)

PiersEdit

File:Tsim Sha Tsui Star Ferry Pier.jpg

The Tsim Sha Tsui Ferry Pier for Star Ferry

File:Central Pier.jpg

The façade of the fourth-generation Star Ferry Pier in Central, Hong Kong

Star Ferry Pier, Central at Central District
- First Generation (1890) Pedder Street and Chater Road<ref name=star/>
- Second Generation (1912) at Pedder Street, the present site of Jardine House
- Third Generation (1957) near Edinburgh Place
- Fourth Generation (2006) at Man Kwong Street
  - Piers 7 and 8 of Central Ferry Piers until 2011. Pier 7 served Tsim Sha Tsui, while Pier 8 served Hung Hom
  - Piers 7 of Central Ferry Piers since 2011. Pier 8 was converted into a museum in 2013.
Star Ferry Pier at Tsim Sha Tsui (1957)
Wan Chai Pier
- Second Generation (1968), closed effective 29 August 2014.<ref name="Goodbye">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

- Third Generation (2014), in service since 30 August 2014.<ref name="Goodbye"/>
Hung Hom Ferry Pier, service terminated effective 1 April 2011.<ref name="nextstophongkong.com"/>

Financial problemsEdit

Since the Central Star Ferry Pier was moved from its old pier next to City Hall to the new location outside International Finance Centre, passenger numbers have fallen drastically to mainly tourists and a small number of commuters. This has meant the Star Ferry company has lost many millions of dollars since the relocation. Therefore, it decided not to re-tender for the loss-making Hung Hom-Central and Hung Hom-Wan Chai routes and stopped operating these routes and the relevant piers at Hung Hom Ferry Pier on 31 March 2011.<ref name="nextstophongkong.com"/><ref>"Cancellation of Ferry Services between Hunghom and Central/Wanchai" Template:Webarchive Star Ferry Co. 15 March 2011. Retrieved 30 March 2011</ref>

FilmographyEdit

The Star Ferry appears in the 1960 film The World of Suzie Wong. In the beginning of the film, Robert Lomax (played by William Holden) disembarks from the SS President Wilson (an old American President Lines transpacific passenger vessel) and takes the Star Ferry to Hong Kong Island, and on the ferry meets Suzie Wong (played by Nancy Kwan), who scorns his attentions.

Several brief scenes in the 1988 TV miniseries Noble House are set aboard the ferry. It also appears in the French films Les Anges gardiens (1995) and The Moustache (2005).