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Strelitzia Template:IPAc-en<ref>Sunset Western Garden Book, 1995:606–607, Sunset Books</ref> is a genus of five species of perennial plants, native to South Africa. It belongs to the plant family Strelitziaceae.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> A common name of the genus is bird of paradise flower/plant, because of a resemblance of its flowers to birds-of-paradise. In South Africa, it is commonly known as a crane flower.

Two of the species, S. nicolai and S. reginae, are frequently grown as houseplants.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> It is the floral emblem of the City of Los Angeles and is featured on the reverse of the South African 50-cent coin.

TaxonomyEdit

The genus was named by Joseph Banks in honour of the British queen Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

DescriptionEdit

The species S. nicolai is the largest in the genus, reaching 10 m (33 ft) tall, with stately white and blue flowers;<ref name= Eliovson>Template:Cite book</ref> the other species typically reach Template:Cvt tall, except S. caudata, which is a tree of a typically smaller size than S. nicolai.

The leaves are large, Template:Cvt long and Template:Cvt broad, similar to a banana leaf in appearance, but with a longer petiole, and arranged strictly in two ranks to form a fan-like crown of evergreen foliage.

The flowers are produced in a horizontal inflorescence emerging from a stout spathe.

Biology and propagationEdit

They are pollinated by sunbirds and blue-faced honeyeaters, which perch on and drink from the spathe. The weight of the bird when standing on the spathe opens it to release the pollen onto the bird's feet, which is then deposited on the next spathe it visits. It is believed to be the only genus of plants pollinated by the feet of birds.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Strelitzia species lack natural insect pollinators; in areas without sunbirds, plants in this genus generally need hand pollination to successfully set seed.<ref name=Ogren>Template:Cite book</ref>

Species and hybridsEdit

Five species are recognised, although one—S. juncea—has been shown to be genetically nested within another, S. reginae. It is possibly a mutation that is in the process of speciating.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>

Image Scientific name Common name Native distribution
File:Strelitzia alba 001.jpg Strelitzia alba (syn. S. augusta) White bird of paradise Garden Route along the southernmost coastal regions of the Eastern and Western Capes in South Africa
File:Fleur du Strelitzia Caudata . Elle est très ressemblante a celle du Strelitzia Nicolai ( Strelitzia blanc ).jpg Strelitzia caudata Mountain strelitzia Chimanimani Mountains of Zimbabwe south to Mozambique, the Northern Provinces of South Africa, and Eswatini
File:Strelizia nicolai.JPG Strelitzia nicolai White bird of paradise or giant bird of paradise; wild banana; blue-and-white strelitzia<ref name=Eliovson /> Mozambique, Botswana, Zimbabwe,and Eastern South Africa from the Great Fish River northwards to Richards Bay
File:Bird of Paradise (2367720567).jpg Strelitzia reginae (syn. S. parvifolia) Strelitzia, bird of paradise, or crane lily South Africa (the Cape Provinces and KwaZulu-Natal)
File:Strelitzia juncea flower.jpg Strelitzia juncea (Ker Gawl.) African desert banana<ref>Strelitzia juncae, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew</ref> South Africa near Uitenhage, Patensie, and just north of Port Elizabeth

AllergenicityEdit

Plants in the genus Strelitzia produce no wind-borne pollen, and have an OPALS allergy scale rating of 1, meaning a very low risk of causing allergic reaction.<ref name=Ogren />


JournalEdit

Strelitzia is also the name of the botanic journal of the Pretoria-based National Botanical Institute,<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> which has since been converted into the South African National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI). The Strelitzia journal replaced Memoirs of the Botanical Survey of South Africa and 'Annals of the Kirstenbosch Botanic Gardens.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

ReferencesEdit

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External linksEdit

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