Sultan, Washington
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Sultan is a city in Snohomish County, Washington, United States. It is located approximately Template:Convert east of Everett at the confluence of the Skykomish River and the Sultan River, a minor tributary. The city had a population of 5,146 at the 2020 census.
The city was founded in 1880 at the site of a Skykomish village and initially settled during a small gold rush. Sultan was platted in 1889, just prior to the arrival of the Great Northern Railway, and was a hub for mining and the lumber industry. It was incorporated on June 28, 1905, with a population of 700. The city was home to a Civilian Conservation Corps camp during the Great Depression and undertook several civic improvements in the post-war years.
Sultan has since become a bedroom community for large employment centers in the Puget Sound region. The city has several public parks, a historic museum, and is located near outdoor recreation areas in the Cascade Mountains. It is connected to nearby cities by U.S. Route 2.
HistoryEdit
The area around the Sultan and Skykomish rivers was occupied by the Skykomish, a branch of the Snohomish people, prior to the arrival of American settlers. The Skykomish had a permanent village at the confluence named {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}, along with a nearby fishery named {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Following the discovery of a rich gold vein along the Sultan River, the land around the confluence was claimed for a homestead by John Nailor and his wife in 1880.<ref name="Damkaer10">Template:Cite book</ref> Among the first arrivals to the area were Chinese prospectors, who later settled the land but were evicted in 1885.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Harvp</ref> Nailor built a small store and hotel to serve miners and loggers, eventually serving as the first postmaster after the settlement received a post office in 1885.<ref name="HistoryLink">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The town and river were named "Sultan", an anglicization of {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} (also known as Tseul-dan), then chief of the Skykomish tribe.<ref name="HistoryLink"/><ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
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The Nailors sold Template:Convert of their homestead to William B. Stevens in 1889, who filed the first plat for Sultan City that October.<ref>Template:Harvp</ref> The Great Northern Railway placed a supply depot for its railroad workers in Sultan in 1891, meeting river steamboats and contributing to the town's early growth.<ref name="HistoryLink"/><ref>Template:Harvp</ref> Sultan gained its first sawmill in 1891 and a shingle mill in 1895, as the local economy transitioned away from mining and towards logging.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Sultan was officially incorporated as a city on June 28, 1905.<ref name="HistoryLink"/> At the time, the city had a population of 700 people and three general stores, along with a variety of small industries.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> By 1912, the city had a public library, electrical service, paved streets, and was considering a plan to build a hydroelectric dam that would also provide municipal water service.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref> A bridge across the Skykomish River was built in 1908 to connect to new farms on the south bank.<ref>Template:Harvp</ref>
An economic slowdown after World War I led to a population decrease in the Skykomish Valley, causing Sultan voters to approve a reduction in the city's size in June 1920.<ref name="HistoryLink"/> The area was home to various illicit industries during the Prohibition era and experienced several major crimes, including the murder of town marshal Percy Brewster on March 2, 1927, by a serial robber who later escaped from prison before being re-captured.<ref>Template:Harvp</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The area also experienced an economic downturn during the Great Depression and was home to a Civilian Conservation Corps camp that primarily dealt with firefighting and forest management.<ref name="HistoryLink"/><ref>Template:Harvp</ref> The Works Progress Administration also completed several projects in the city, including two expansions of the high school and its gymnasium in 1929 and 1939.<ref name="Damkaer23">Template:Harvp</ref> Several major fires struck Sultan in the 1940s, including one in October 1945 that destroyed a block of buildings on Main Street and another in 1947 that decimated the Sultan Union High School.<ref>Template:Harvp</ref>
Sultan residents participated a civic improvement program during the 1950s and 1960s that upgraded or replaced several major facilities, often with assistance from the state government. A new city hall was opened in 1954, the elementary school was expanded in 1957, and a new landing field for airplanes and helicopters opened in 1958. The city annexed Template:Convert of rural land to the southeast in 1958 and it was subsequently developed for housing. The Skykomish River Bridge was also replaced by a new span in 1961.<ref>Template:Harvp</ref> The Snohomish County Public Utility District (PUD) constructed the Culmback Dam on the Sultan River, creating the Spada Lake reservoir and providing electricity and drinking water for Everett and much of the county beginning in 1965.<ref>Template:Harvp</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
The Sky River Rock Festival and Lighter Than Air Fair, one of the first outdoor U.S. music festivals, was hosted at a raspberry farm south of Sultan beginning August 30, 1968.<ref name="Times-SRR">Template:Cite news</ref> The three-day festival, organized by radio station KRAB and the Helix newspaper, attracted an estimated 20,000 hippies, of whom 13,000 had paid tickets, and was considered to be a forerunner for later festivals like Woodstock.<ref name="Times-SRR"/><ref name="Herald-SRR">Template:Cite news</ref> Musical acts at the festival included Santana, the Grateful Dead, Country Joe McDonald, Muddy Waters, Buffy St. Marie, and John Fahey, among others.<ref name="Herald-SRR17">Template:Cite news</ref> The Sultan city government declined to allow the festival to return the following year due to the traffic and logistical issues that were experienced, including the venue running out of drinking water.<ref name="HistoryLink"/><ref name="Herald-SRR"/> The event was largely forgotten by local residents, but was revived for a one-time festival in 2017.<ref name="Herald-SRR"/><ref name="Herald-SRR17"/>
Sultan has since developed into a bedroom community for workers commuting to Everett, Seattle, and Bellevue.<ref name="Damkaer103">Template:Harvp</ref> Several suburban subdivisions were built in the 1990s and early 2000s, contributing to a population boom and political strife over the area's rural and small-town character.<ref name="PI-Manager">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="Times03">Template:Cite news</ref> The Department of Veteran Affairs considered the Sultan area for a new national military cemetery, but ultimately chose a site near Kent.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Sultan celebrated its centennial in 2005 with several festivals and the dedication of a new visitor's center.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Despite the population growth, the city's traditional businesses have left Sultan and caused a decline in local employment options.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
In an effort to resolve development issues and a city budget shortfall, a Monroe city councilmember unsuccessfully suggested merging the two cities during the 2007 financial crisis.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The Sultan city government instead began outsourcing its policing and library services to county agencies while undergoing other reforms.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The city government has endorsed schemes to lure new industries, including offering tracts of land and opening new parks and a shooting range in a bid to appeal to outdoor recreation companies.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
GeographyEdit
Sultan is located along the Skykomish River at its confluences with the Sultan and Wallace rivers in south-central Snohomish County, approximately Template:Convert east of Everett, the county seat.<ref name="About">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="HazardPlan">Template:Cite report</ref> U.S. Route 2 and the BNSF Railway's Scenic Subdivision bisect the city from west to east, connecting it to Everett, Monroe, Gold Bar, and Stevens Pass.<ref name="WSDOT-Map">Template:Cite map</ref> The city limits of Sultan are generally defined by the Skykomish River to the south, the Sultan River and Old Owens Road to the west, and several county roads to the north and east.<ref>Template:Cite map</ref> According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of Template:Convert.<ref name="Census-Gazetteer">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
The city is located within the Skykomish Valley, which is flanked to the north and south by the Cascade foothills. Several prominent peaks of the mountain range are visible on the northern and eastern horizons, including Mount Pilchuck, Mount Index, Mount Persis, and Mount Stickney.<ref name="Damkaer103"/> The Sultan Basin is located on the north side of the Skykomish River and is a flat plain with some rolling hills.<ref name="Damkaer103"/>
Downtown Sultan is one of three identified flood zones within the city, which covers 30 percent of residents, and has experienced major floods as recently as 1991 and 2009.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The city government installed three emergency sirens to alert residents of an incoming flood or another disaster.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
EconomyEdit
Template:As of, Sultan had an estimated workforce population of 3,709 and an unemployment rate of 10.4 percent—far above the county average of 3.1 percent.<ref name="ACS">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The most common employers for Sultan residents are in the retail sector (20.9%), followed by educational and health services (15.3%), manufacturing (11.9%), and construction (7.0%).<ref name="ACS"/> Only 8.8 percent of employed residents work within Sultan city limits, while the rest commute to other areas for work. The most common commuting destinations for Sultan residents include Monroe (11.0%), Seattle (9.7%), Everett (8.2%), Redmond (6.0%), and Bellevue (5.5%).<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The average one-way commute for the city's workers was approximately 38.8 minutes; 80 percent of commuters drove alone to their workplace, while 9.4 percent carpooled and 3.6 percent used public transit.<ref name="ACS"/>
Sultan businesses and employers provide approximately 1,010 jobs, and are primarily in the services and manufacturing industries.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The city's largest employer is the Sultan School District, which provides 254 jobs.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
DemographicsEdit
Sultan is one of the smallest cities in Snohomish County, with a population of 5,146 at the 2020 census.<ref name="Census-Profile"/><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The city's population has significantly increased since the start of suburban development in the late 1960s, reaching over 3,300 by 2000.<ref name="Times03"/> Sultan's population grew an additional 20 percent between 2000 and 2005.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The city government has made various preparations for additional population growth, including new connections to the Spada Lake water supply to supplement its own system.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> By 2035, the city and its surrounding urban growth area is expected to have a population of 8,369.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
2010 censusEdit
As of the 2010 U.S. census, there were 4,651 people, 1,607 households, and 1,142 families residing in the city. The population density was Template:Convert. There were 1,752 housing units at an average density of Template:Convert. The racial makeup of the city was 86.2% White, 0.2% African American, 1.0% Native American, 1.6% Asian, 0.2% Pacific Islander, 7.1% from other races, and 3.7% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 12.2% of the population.<ref name="Census-QuickFacts">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Of the 1,607 households, 44.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.5% were married couples living together, 12.3% had a single female householder with no spouse present, 6.3% had a single male householder with no spouse present, and 28.9% were non-families. 21.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.89 and the average family size was 3.36.<ref name="Census-QuickFacts"/>
The median age in the city was 32.3 years. 30.7% of residents were under the age of 18; 8.4% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 32% were from 25 to 44; 21.6% were from 45 to 64; and 7.3% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 51.5% male and 48.5% female.<ref name="Census-QuickFacts"/>
2000 censusEdit
As of the 2000 census, there were 3,344 people, 1,211 households, and 858 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,121.2 people per square mile (433.3/km2). There were 1,291 housing units at an average density of 432.8 per square mile (167.3/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 91.30% White, 0.27% African American, 1.20% Native American, 1.56% Asian, 0.12% Pacific Islander, 1.56% from other races, and 4.01% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.78% of the population.<ref name="Census2000">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Of the 1,211 households, 42.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.2% were married couples living together, 11.2% had a single female householder with no spouse present, and 29.1% were non-families. 23.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.76 and the average family size was 3.25.<ref name="Census2000"/>
The median age in the city was 32 years. 31.2% of residents were under the age of 18; 7.6% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 34.5% were from 25 to 44; 18.0% were from 45 to 64; and 8.7% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 50.3% male and 49.7% female.<ref name="Census2000"/>
The median income for a household in the city was $46,619, and the median income for a family was $51,038. Males had a median income of $38,924 versus $26,096 for females. The per capita income for the city was $18,822. About 4.9% of families and 7.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 9.1% of those under age 18 and 4.3% of those age 65 or over.<ref name="Census2000"/>
Government and politicsEdit
Sultan is a non-charter code city with a mayor–council government.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The city council meets twice per month at city hall and has seven members who are elected to four-year terms in non-partisan elections.<ref>Template:Cite press release</ref> The office of mayor is also a four-year position and is currently held by Russell Wiita, a former city councilmember who was elected in 2019.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The city hall, located in downtown Sultan, is shared with a public library operated by Sno-Isle Libraries.<ref name="Herald-Library">Template:Cite news</ref> An attempt to switch to a council–manager government was defeated by voters in 2003.<ref name="PI-Manager"/><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
The city government has 15 full-time employees and had a budgeted expenditure of $11.1 million in 2016.<ref name="Budget">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The city funds various departments and services, including public sanitation, water and sewer systems, planning, and parks.<ref name="Budget"/> Other services, including fire services and the library, are contracted out to regional agencies.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The local police department was disbanded in 2008 and transitioned to services from the Snohomish County Sheriff's Office for public safety.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Sultan's public library was established in 1927 by the Women's Improvement Club, but was later transferred to city control. It is currently operated by the countywide Sno-Isle Libraries system and located in the city hall building in downtown.<ref name="Herald-Library"/><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The library was formerly operated by the city government, but was annexed into the Sno-Isle system in March 2008 due to a potential shutdown caused by the budget shortfall.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
At the federal level, Sultan is part of the 8th congressional district, which encompasses the eastern portions of the Snohomish, King, and Pierce counties as well as the entirety of Chelan and Kittitas counties.<ref>Template:Cite map</ref> It was part of the 1st congressional district until 2022, when the 8th district was extended into Snohomish County.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> At the state level, the city is part of the 12th legislative district, which also crosses the Cascade Mountains and includes Skykomish, part of Snoqualmie, and all of Chelan County except for Wenatchee.<ref>Template:Cite map</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Monroe was previously part of the 39th legislative district until it was moved into the cross-mountain district as part of a redistricting compromise in 2022.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The city lies within the Snohomish County Council's 5th district, which includes the Skykomish Valley, Snohomish, and Lake Stevens.<ref>Template:Cite map</ref>
CultureEdit
Arts and eventsEdit
The city hosts an annual three-day street fair in July, known as the "Sultan Shindig", which was established in 1983 and attracts 20,000 visitors.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> It includes carnival rides, street vendors, live music, games, a parade, and a car show.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The celebration also honors the history of the Skykomish Valley by holding several logging contests, including axe throwing, firewood chopping, speed climbing, and wood sculpting.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The 2018 festival marked the debut of the Shindig Shandy, a sweet beer produced by Timber Monster Brewing for the event.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Another festival is held in late September to commemorate the return of spawning salmon to the Sultan River.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Parks and recreationEdit
Sultan has four city parks, all located near downtown, and several athletic and recreational facilities.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="Herald-09Park">Template:Cite news</ref> The city's largest park is the Template:Convert Osprey Park, located along the eastern bank of the Sultan River and home to a regular salmon spawning ground. The park also features picnic tables, sports fields, basketball courts, and a dog park.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Traveler's Park on U.S. Route 2 features a tree round from a 1,000-year-old Douglas fir that was donated to the city government in 1976 by a local logging company.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Sultan opened a skate park in 2008.<ref name="Herald-09Park"/> The city is also home to a Boys & Girls Club that opened at its current location in 2015, five years after a fire destroyed the previous club.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Notable peopleEdit
- Carolyn Eslick, state legislator and former mayor<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
- John Koster, former state legislator and county councilmember<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
- Boeda Strand, basket weaver and member of the Snohomish tribe<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
EducationEdit
Public schools in the Sultan area are operated by the Sultan School District, which also covers nearby Gold Bar and other rural areas north and west of Index.<ref>Template:Cite map</ref> The school district had an enrollment of approximately 1,992 students in 2016, with 104 total teachers.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> It has one high school, one middle school, and two elementary schools (of which one serves Sultan).<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The current high school was constructed in 1951 to replace an earlier building that was destroyed four years prior.<ref name="Damkaer23"/> A $56 million bond issue to upgrade the district's four schools and construct a new administrative building was rejected by voters in 2016.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The Sky Valley Historical Society maintains a small local museum in the city's post office building in downtown Sultan.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
InfrastructureEdit
TransportationEdit
Sultan is connected to nearby communities by U.S. Route 2 (US 2), which runs east–west along the Skykomish and Snohomish rivers from Everett to Eastern Washington via Stevens Pass. The nearest cities on the highway are Monroe, Template:Convert to the west, and Gold Bar to the east.<ref name="WSDOT-Map"/><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The highway carries daily average of approximately 18,000 vehicles through Sultan, with higher volumes during summer months and ski season.<ref>Template:Cite report</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Due to its high rate of accidents, including more than 2,600 in the county in the early 2000s and 100 within Sultan city limits from 1999 to 2000, the highway is considered one of the most dangerous in the state.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Sections of US 2 near Sultan were rebuilt to add safety features, including roundabouts, rumble strips, warning signage, and additional policing.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> A plan to widen the highway to four lanes through Sultan and add additional roundabouts was endorsed by the city government in 2023.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The BNSF Railway's Scenic Subdivision also runs along U.S. Route 2, connecting Everett to Eastern Washington and also carrying Amtrak's Empire Builder train.<ref name="WSDOT-Map"/> The highway and railroad cross over the Sultan River on a pair of truss bridges, while a third is planned to be built for pedestrians and bicyclists.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Public transit service along US 2 is operated by Community Transit and consists of two routes that travel from Everett Station to Snohomish, Monroe, Sultan, and Gold Bar. The city also has a small park and ride lot that is served by Community Transit.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> A private airfield, Sky Harbor Airport, is located near Sultan and is open to small aircraft. It has a single, unpaved runway.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
UtilitiesEdit
Electric power for Sultan residents and businesses is provided by the Snohomish County Public Utility District (PUD), a consumer-owned public utility that serves all of Snohomish County.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The PUD operates the Culmback Dam north of Sultan, which generates electricity for the region and also provides 80 percent of Snohomish County's water supply.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The Sultan city government provides water and water treatment to residents and businesses, via a separate city-owned reservoir located north of Sultan.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Wastewater and stormwater is treated at a treatment plant that discharges into the Skykomish River.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="Utilities">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Solid waste collection is provided by the city government, while recycling and yard waste collection is contracted to Allied Waste.<ref name="Utilities"/><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Health careEdit
Sultan's nearest general hospital is the Valley General Hospital in Monroe, part of the EvergreenHealth system.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> EvergreenHealth also operates one of two medical clinics in Sultan, which was previously an independent operation from 2003 to 2015.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The other clinic, Cascade Health Clinic, remains independent.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
ReferencesEdit
External linksEdit
Template:Snohomish County, Washington Template:Authority control