Takhallus
In Persian, Turkic, Hindustani and Punjabi, the word takhallus (from Arabic {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}, Template:Lit;<ref>A Brief History of Persian Literature, by the Iran Chamber Society.</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Template:Langx; Template:Langx; Template:Langx; Template:Langx, Template:Langx) means a pen name.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Pen names were widely adopted by Persian, Turkic, Urdu and Punjabi poets.<ref name="Alī2000">Template:Cite book</ref>
The takhallus is often included in the maqta', the last couplet (bayt) of a ghazal.<ref name=":0">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
HistoryEdit
While ghazal originated in Arabia evolving from qasida, some of the common features of contemporary ghazal, such as including the takhallus in the maqtaTemplate:', the concept of matla', etc., did not exist in Arabic ghazal. It was Persian ghazal which added these features.<ref name=":0" />
Common takhallusesEdit
List of takhalluses of some Persian poets:
List of takhalluses of some Urdu poets:
- Faiz – Faiz Ahmed Faiz
- Fani — Fani Badayuni, Shaukat Ali Khan
- Ghalib – Mirza Asadullah Baig Khan
- Hali – Altaf Hussain Hali, Altaf Hussain
- Jigar - Jigar Moradabadi, Sikander Ali Moradabadi
- Kaki - Qutbuddin Bakhtiar Kaki, Khwaja Qutbuddin Bakhtiar
- Mir - Mir Taqi Mir, Mir Muhammad Taqi
- Zafar - Bahadur Shah Zafar, Bahadur Shah II