Telesphorus (mythology)
In ancient Greek religion, Telesphorus (Greek: Τελεσφόρος Telesphoros) was a minor child-god of healing. He was a possible son of Asclepius and frequently accompanied his sister Hygieia. He was depicted as a dwarf whose head was always covered with a cowl hood or cap.<ref name=":6">Template:Cite journal</ref>
He symbolized recovery from illness, as his name means "the accomplisher" or "bringer of completion" in Greek. Representations of him are found mainly in Anatolia and along the Danube.<ref name=":6" />
Origin and dutiesEdit
Telesphorus is assumed to have been a Celtic god in origin, who was taken to Anatolia by the Galatians in the 3rd century BC, where he would have become associated with the Greek god of medicine, Asclepius, perhaps in Pergamon (an Asclepian cult center) and spread again to the West due to the rise of the Roman Empire, in particular during the 2nd century AD, from the reign of Hadrian.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Telesphorus has been identified with the Genius Cucullatus invoked on two inscriptions in Noricum.<ref name=":6" />
It is suggested by many scholars that Telesphorus was a protector of children for the healing gods.<ref name=":5">Template:Cite journal</ref> Ancient hymns honor and thank Telesphorus for guarding and favoring the birth of their healthy children.<ref name=":5" /> He is also depicted as the protective divinity of an Attican fraternity in lists from the third century BC.<ref name=":5" /> Statuettes recovered from two children's graves in Stobi, dated to the second century BC, depict Telesphorus together with a child and lead many scholars to believe that Telesphorus was thought to protect children even in death.<ref name=":5" /> Other representations of the deity have him depicted as a child as well.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
FamilyEdit
Telesphorus was the youngest son of Asclepius, the god of medicine. He had five older sisters, Iaso, Hygieia, Panacea, Aceso, and Aglaia.<ref name=":6"/> He is frequently depicted accompanying his sister Hygieia in statues; Telesphorus, Hygieia, and Asclepius are often shown as a trio in inscriptions and coins.<ref name=":5"/>
Telesphorus was referred to as different names in different regions. In the Sanctuary of Asclepius at Titane, the statue erected is called Euamerion; in Epidaurus, the statue is called Acesis, which means cure; and in Pergamon, it is called Telesphorus.<ref name=":4">Pausanias, Descriptio Graeciae, II.11.7</ref> Telesphorus is the only one of the three names to be cited as a child of Asclepius in an Attican inscription from the second century AD.<ref name=":5" />
Temple of TelesphorusEdit
The temple of Telesphorus was a two-story dormitory in the Sanctuary of Asclepius, located in Pergamon, Turkey.<ref name=":3">Template:Cite news</ref> According to Aristides, there were three temples: the north temple dedicated to Apollo, the middle temple dedicated to Hygieia and Telesphorus, and the south temple dedicated to Asclepius.<ref name=":2">Template:Cite book</ref> These temples were used as sanctuaries for healing rituals conducted by priests, and they were built high up on a rocky outcrop of land known as the Felsbarre.<ref name=":2" /> A nearby spring fed water to multiple fountains and was sometimes used in the healing processes.<ref name=":3" /> Access to the temple was granted through a dark underground passageway which still exists today.<ref name=":3" /> A patient would be led through this passageway, into the temple, and be instructed to lie down at the base of a statue of Asclepius. The patient would be told that Asclepius or one of his children would appear to them in a dream and grant them health-giving powers. Once the patient was asleep though, priests had the opportunity to mend to their wounds.<ref name=":3" /> The temple was purposefully kept in the dark so that when a patient awoke, they would be granted by daylight; the contrast between dark and light created a psychological juxtaposition between sick and healthy in the patient's mind.<ref name=":3" />
Cult of TelesphorusEdit
The cult of Telesphorus grew around Athens, Attica, and Thessaly; a third century AD eulogy from the area thanks Asclepius, Hygieia, and Telesphorus for their help in intervening an epidemic.<ref name=":5"/> The cult also bled into the Thracian area, where the cult becomes assimilated under the epithet Παυταλιωται.<ref name=":5" />
CoinageEdit
Telesphorus first began to appear on coins in the third century during the reign of Caracalla,<ref name=":1">Template:Cite book</ref> specifically appearing on provincial bronze coins. One coin, struck in Lydia circa 210 AD, depicts Caracalla on the obverse and Caracalla consulting Asclepius, Telesphorus, and Salus (the Roman equivalent of Hygieia) on the reverse.<ref name=":1" /> Another coin shows Asclepius and Telesphorus being recognized in conjunction as medical deities whose duties were to bring care and power to the atonement of health.<ref name=":0">Template:Cite book</ref> Telesphorus also appears on a bronze medallion with Asclepius and Caracalla, which is believed to have been struck on the same day Caracalla left for Pergamus.<ref name=":0" /> This was to ensure that Caracalla were to be cured of his corporeal ailments and mind's diseases.<ref name=":0" />
See alsoEdit
ReferencesEdit
External linksEdit
Template:Greek religion Template:Greek mythology (deities) Template:Celtic mythology (ancient)