Totsukawa
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Template:Nihongo is a geographically large village in the Yoshino District of Nara, Japan.<ref name="muragaiyo">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Template:As of, the village had an estimated population of 1,322 and a population density of 4.0 persons per km2.<ref name="Nara-hp">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The total area of the village is Template:Cvt.<ref name="muragaiyo"/>
GeographyEdit
Totsukawa is located in the Okuyoshino region, which is in the southern part of the Yoshino region, and has been isolated from the surrounding areas by the Kii Mountains. It is the largest village in Nara in terms of area, and the fifth largest village in Japan.<ref name=shinko>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
ClimateEdit
Totsukawa has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classification Cfa), which is hot and humid in the summer (above Template:Convert) and is somewhat cold in the winter with temperatures dropping to around freezing (Template:Convert)
DemographicsEdit
The population of Totsukawa in 2020 was 3,061 people. Totsukawa has been conducting censuses since 1920.<ref name=zensus/>
Template:Historical populations
HistoryEdit
EtymologyEdit
The name of the Totsukawa River Template:Nihongo, which the village is named after was originally composed of the kanji Template:Nihongo, meaning distant, Template:Nihongo, meaning harbor (or port), Template:Nihongo, meaning river, as the river was, and especially for the time its name is first said to appear (Template:Circa), far away from any ports. Because the village built along the river is also distant from the capital, Template:Nihongo, it was given the name Template:Nihongo, as a play-on-words meaning village of the river distant from any ports or the capital.<ref name="totsureiki">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }} </ref> The word used for the first kanji in the current name, Template:Nihongo, and the original name for the river, Template:Nihongo, as well as the word for capital, Template:Nihongo, all contain a reading of to.
End of Kamakura and Muromachi periodEdit
In 1333, Emperor Go-Daigo overthrew the Kamakura Shogunate and thus began the Kenmu Restoration. However, many samurai, including Ashikaga Takauji were dissatisfied with the new policies, and so a struggle ensued between them and the emperor. As a result of the struggle, the emperor fled to Yamato Province, which composed much of present-day Nara Prefecture and included Totsukawa within.<ref name="totsureiki"/><ref name="yamanara">Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric (2005). "Yamato" in Template:Google books.</ref> There he established the Southern Court. Totsukawa was deeply intertwined with the southern court, and Prince Morinaga once sought refuge there. Old documents written by the second emperor of the court, Gomurakami and Morinaga's son, Prince Okura are still kept and preserved within the village, and contain directives to the people of the village to assist the southern court. The people were said to be skilled martial artists and hunters, which is attributed to their recognition by multiple successive emperors within southern court.<ref name="totsureiki"/>
Edo periodEdit
In 1585, Toyotomi Hidenaga, half-brother of Toyotomi Hideyoshi was appointed governor of Yamato Province, Kii Province and Izumi Province, and made lord of Kōriyama Castle. Two years later, in 1587, Hidenaga commenced a comprehensive land survey of Totsukawa, as expected of someone in his role. Kobori Masatsugu. appointed survey commissioner, executed the survey at Hidenaga's request. Following the survey, Totsukawa was subject to mura uke seido where each village would pay taxes as a unit.<ref name="totsureiki"/>
Meiji Restoration to World War IIEdit
In 1869, one year after the beginning of the Meiji Restoration following the fall of the Tokugawa Shogunate, during significant changes in Japan, Totsukawa was incorporated into Nara Prefecture. In 1871, the people of the village were recognized for their service during the end of the shogunate and during the Boshin War, some were even granted the title of samurai.<ref name="totsureiki"/>
In 1873, the land tax law was changed, and Totsukawa became taxes as well, instituting a plethora of changes to follow.<ref name="totsureiki"/>
In 1889, a major flood happened in Totsukawa, causing widespread destruction. In result, many citizens moved to Hokkaido and developed a new village there. The first and then governor of Nara, Saisho Atsushi, issued a notice giving his respects and condolences, as well as informing them of disaster relief in the form of Template:JPYTemplate:NoteTag in gold from Emperor Meiji.<ref name="totsureiki"/><ref name="saa notice">村報とつかわ2010年7月号 - 十津川村役場（p.5を参照）</ref> The residents opted to name the new settlement “Shintotsukawa”Template:NoteTag, literally “New Totsukawa".<ref name="totsureiki"/>
The villages of Kitatotsukawa, Totsukawa, Totsukawa Hanazono, Nakatotsukawa, Nishitotsukawa, Minamitotsukawa and Higashitotsukawa were established on April 1, 1889, with the creation of the modern municipalities system. On June 19, 1890, these villages merged to form the village of Totsukawa.
GovernmentEdit
Totsukawa has a mayor-council form of government with a directly elected mayor and a unicameral village council of nine members. Totsukawa, collectively with the other municipalities of Yoshino District, contributes two members to the Nara Prefectural Assembly. In terms of national politics, the village is part of the Nara 3rd district of the lower house of the Diet of Japan.
EconomyEdit
The main industries are forestry, agriculture, and the farming and processing of river fish such as sweetfish.
EducationEdit
Totsukawa has two public elementary schools and one public junior high schools operated by the village government, and one public high school operated by the Nara Prefectural Board of Education.
TransportationEdit
RailwaysEdit
Totsukawa has no passenger railway service. The nearest train station is Gojō Station on the JR West Wakayama Line.
HighwaysEdit
Sister citiesEdit
Local attractionsEdit
Tanize Suspension BridgeEdit
The Template:Nihongo is a suspension bridge known for the Yuredaiko, an annual drum festival on the bridge held on August 4 of every year.<ref>【謎解きクルーズ】奈良・十津川村 なぜ「東京弁」険しい峡谷 関西弁阻む 日本経済新聞サイト（2014年10月4日）</ref> It is one of Japan's longest steel-wire suspension bridges, and is located in the Tanize/Uenoji area in northern Totsukawa. It was built in 1954 and is Template:Cvt high and Template:Cvt long. Each family in the village donated Template:JPY towards the construction. The money collected from the villagers totaled approximately Template:JPYTemplate:NoteTag in donations.<ref name=tourist>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Yaen gondolasEdit
There are gondolas called Template:Ill in Totsukawa village. Yaen are small gondolas hung from ropes above a river and move from shore to shore of the river, moving forward by pulling on a rope inside of the gondola. The name yaen comes from the Japanese word for wild monkey, and were named as such because a person using one has the appearance of a wild monkey climbing a vine. They were historically used for transportation across the river by the villagers, as it would only take the average person around 10 minutes to move the entire route. They are no longer used as a means of transportation, and are now only used as a novelty.<ref>十津川探検 ～十津川巡り～「野猿」 十津川かけはしネット（十津川村教育委員会</ref>
Sasa-no-taki waterfallEdit
Template:Nihongo is a waterfall located on the outskirts of Totsukawa,<ref name="tokasasa">笹の滝（十津川村観光協会HP）</ref> and is ranked by Kodansha as one of the 100 Best Waterfalls in Japan.<ref>『日本の滝100選』 グリーンルネッサンス事務局/編、1991年、講談社</ref> It is about Template:Cvt tall and Template:Cvt away from Takikawa gorge, and has an altitude of Template:Cvt with multiple hiking trails leading up to the waterfall. The area directly under the waterfall, however, has its access restricted due to the safety hazard imposed by the risk of falling rocks.<ref name="tokasasa"/><ref>『日本の滝 (2) 西日本767滝』 北中康文/写真・文、2006年、山と渓谷社</ref>
Tamaki ShrineEdit
Template:Nihongo is a Shinto shrine located at the top of Template:Nihongo. It was built by Emperor Sujin in 37 BC and is surrounded by several large cedar trees. Tamaki Shrine is registered as a landmark with the UNESCO World Heritage Center as one of the "Sacred Sites and Pilgrimage Routes in the Kii Mountain Range."<ref name="Takamuro">玉置神社社務所及び台所（1988年〈昭和63年〉指定、重要文化財〈建造物〉）、国指定文化財等データベース（文化庁） 2010年6月5日閲覧。、pp.39,75</ref><ref name="Sugi">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Totsukawa OnsenEdit
Template:Nihongo is an onsen hot spring located in the middle of Totsukawa village. Around the hot spring, there are multiple bathhouses, also known colloquially as onsen, which utilize the hot spring.<ref name=totsuon>十津川村観光協会</ref> Template:Nihongo is the oldest bathhouse in the village, dating back to 1581.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The bathhouses pipe the water from the hot spring into their facilities without recycling, heating or prior treatment.<ref name=totsuon/>
Hatenashi mountain rangeEdit
Template:Nihongo is about Template:Cvt in height. This mountain range is located on the boundary between Nara and Wakayama Prefecture and stretches about Template:Cvt. The place where Hatenashi mountain range meets Kohechi at Kumano-Kodo route is called Hatenashi pass. This pass is Template:Cvt high. The Kumano-Kodo pilgrimage routes are designated as a World Heritage Site.<ref name="Kadokawa_1992_844">「角川日本地名大辞典」編纂委員会[1992: 844]</ref><ref>宇江[2004b: 90]</ref>
NotesEdit
ReferencesEdit
External linksEdit
- Template:Commons category-inline
- Template:Osmrelation-inline
- Totsukawa Village web page (in Japanese)
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