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Tourism in Germany

Article Discussion

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File:Deutschland Übersichtskarte.png
Physical map of Germany

Germany is the eighth-most-visited country in the world,<ref name="april11">Template:Cite journal</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref> with a total of 407.26 million overnights during 2012.<ref name="deutschertourismusverband">Zahlen Daten Fakten 2012 Template:Webarchive (in German), German National Tourist Board</ref> This number includes 68.83 million nights by foreign visitors, the majority of foreign tourists in 2009 coming from the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, and Switzerland (see table). Additionally, more than 30% of Germans spend their holiday in their own country. According to Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Reports, Germany is ranked 3 out of 136 countries in the 2017 report, and is rated as one of the safest travel destinations worldwide.

In 2012, over 30.4 million international tourists arrived in Germany, bringing over US$38 billion in international tourism receipts to the country.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Domestic and international travel and tourism combined directly contribute over EUR43.2 billion to the German GDP. Including indirect and induced impacts, the industry contributes 4.5% of German GDP and supports 2 million jobs (4.8% of total employment).<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The ITB Berlin is the world's leading tourism trade fair.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

According to surveys,Template:Cn the top three reasons for tourists to come to Germany are the German culture, outdoor activities, German holidays and festivities, the countryside and rural areas, and the German cities.Template:Clarification needed

HistoryEdit

The history of tourism in Germany goes back to cities and landscapes being visited for education and recreation. From the late 18th century onwards, cities like Dresden, Munich, Weimar and Berlin were major stops on a European Grand tour.

Spas and Seaside resorts on the North and Baltic Sea (e.g. Rugia and Usedom islands, Heiligendamm, the islands Norderney and Sylt) particularly developed during the 19th and early 20th century, when major train routes were built to connect the seaside spas to urban centers. An extensive bathing and recreation industry materialized in Germany around 1900. At rivers and close to natural landscapes (along the Middle Rhine valley and in Saxon Switzerland for example) many health spas, hotels and recreational facilities were established since the 19th century.

Since the end of World War II tourism has expanded greatly, as many tourists visit Germany to experience a sense of European history and the diverse German landscape. The country features 14 national parks, including the Jasmund National Park, the Vorpommern Lagoon Area National Park, the Müritz National Park, the Wadden Sea National Parks, the Harz National Park, the Hainich National Park, the Saxon Switzerland National Park, the Bavarian Forest National Park and the Berchtesgaden National Park. In addition, there are 14 Biosphere Reserves, as well as 98 nature parks.

The countryside has a pastoral aura, while the bigger cities exhibit both a modern and classical feel. Small and medium-sized cities often preserved their historical appearance and have old towns with remarkable architectural heritage – these are called Altstadt in German.

StatisticsEdit

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File:St.Bartholomä.jpg
Bavaria is the German state with the most visitors.
File:StrandDüne.JPG
Mecklenburg-Vorpommern with its beaches at the Baltic Sea has the highest density of tourists. It is favourably located between Germany's major cities Berlin and Hamburg.
File:Ausblick vom Grossen Knollen (Turm) - panoramio.jpg
The Harz with its rugged terrain extends across parts of Lower Saxony, Saxony-Anhalt, and Thuringia and has a long history of mining and being a seat of German political power, represented in the Unesco world heritage sites of Goslar and Quedlinburg.
File:Blick vom Hohfelsen.jpg
The Black Forest is a large forested mountain range in the state of Baden-Württemberg in southwest Germany, bounded by the Rhine Valley to the west and south and close to the borders with France and Switzerland.

The table below shows the distribution of national and international visitor nights spent in each of the sixteen states of Germany in 2017.

Germany overall had 178.23 million visitor nights in 2017, of which 37.45 million were of foreign guests (21.01 percent). With 94.3 million nights spent in hotels, hostels or clinics, Bavaria has the most visitors. With 18.472 nights per 1.000 inhabitants, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern has the highest density of tourists per population (German median: 5.568 nights per 1.000 people).<ref>DeStatis: Tourism in Numbers Template:Webarchive, 2017</ref>

State Nr. of nights
in 2017
in million 		of whom
foreign visitors
in million 		nights per
1.000
inhabitants
Germany 178,23 37,45 5,568
Baden-Württemberg 52,93 11,39 4,833
Bavaria 94,36 19,12 7,298
Berlin 31,15 13,98 8,714
Brandenburg 13,09 0,962 5,247
Bremen 2,44 0,49 3,607
Hamburg 13,82 3,44 7,635
Hesse 34,1 7,67 5,489
Mecklenburg-Vorpommern 29,75 1,0 18,472
Lower Saxony 43,49 3,73 5,474
North Rhine-Westphalia 51,51 11,00 2,879
Rhineland-Palatinate 22,22 5,24 5,466
Saarland 3,08 0,46 3,099
Saxony 19,51 2,05 4,781
Saxony-Anhalt 8,13 0,63 3,638
Schleswig-Holstein 29,89 2,01 10,372
Thuringia 9,92 0,62 4,600

Most visitors arriving to Germany on short-term basis are from the following countries of nationality:<ref>Tourismus in Zahlen 2014 Template:Webarchive, Statistisches Bundesamt</ref><ref>Tourismus in Zahlen 2016 Template:Webarchive, Statistisches Bundesamt</ref>

Rank Country 2014 2016
1 Template:Flagcountry 4,237,865 4,477,100
2 Template:Flagcountry 2,778,455 3,115,456
3 Template:Flagcountry 2,371,086 2,558,495
4 Template:Flagcountry 2,415,477 2,551,061
5 Template:Flagcountry 1,725,259 1,818,872
6 Template:Flagcountry 1,617,901 1,725,854
7 Template:Flagcountry 1,642,443 1,651,933
8 Template:Flagcountry 1,466,561 1,592,500
9 Template:Flagcountry 1,310,693 1,424,482
10 Template:Flagcountry 1,256,800 1,363,979
Total international arrivals 32,999,298 35,555,391

SurveysEdit

The official body for tourism in Germany is the German National Tourist Board (GNTB), represented worldwide by National Tourist Offices in 29 countries. Surveys by the GNTB include perceptions and reasons for holidaying in Germany, which are as follows: culture (75%), outdoors/countryside (59%), cities (59%), cleanliness (47%), security (41%), modernity (36%), good hotels (35%), good gastronomy/cuisine (34%), good accessibility (30%), cosmopolitanism/hospitality (27%), good shopping opportunities (21%), exciting nightlife (17%) and good price/performance ratio (10%) (multiple answers were possible).

CountrysideEdit

HealthEdit

Template:See also About 242 million nights, or two-thirds of all nights spent in hotels in Germany, are spent in spa towns.<ref>Overnight stays by groups of communities Template:Webarchive, Statistisches Bundesamt, Wiesbaden</ref> Germany is well known for health tourism, with many of the numerous spa towns having been established at a hot spring, offering convalescence (German: Kur) or preventive care by means of mineral water and/or other spa treatment. Spa towns and seaside resorts carry official designations such as Mineral and mud spas (Mineral- und Moorbäder), Healthy climate resorts (Heilklimatische Kurorte), Kneipp cure resorts (Kneippkurorte = water therapy resorts), Seaside resorts (Seebäder), Climatic resorts (Luftkurorte), and Recreation resorts (Erholungsorte). The largest and most well known resorts also have casinos, most notably at Bad Wiessee, Baden-Baden (Kurhaus), Wiesbaden (Kurhaus), Aachen, Travemünde and Westerland (Kurhaus).

RegionsEdit

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File:Dünenstrand auf Sylt.jpg
Dune on the North Frisian island of Sylt
File:Königsstuhl und Viktoria-Sicht.jpg
Stubbenkammer on the Baltic island of Rügen

The most visited tourist regions in Germany are the East Frisian and North Frisian Islands, the Baltic Sea coasts of Holstein, Mecklenburg and Vorpommern, the Rhine Valley, the Bavarian and Black Forest, and the Bavarian Alps.

The table below shows the five most visited rural districts in 2008:<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}Template:Dead link</ref>

rank district # of nights in 2008
1 Nordfriesland 6.96 million
2 Rügen 5.57 million
3 Oberallgäu 5.29 million
4 Ostholstein 5.27 million
5 Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald 4.41 million

Other popular regions include

Theme routesEdit

File:Du200613.png
A cuckoo clock, symbol of the Black Forest

Since the 1930s, local and regional governments have set up various theme routes, to help visitors get to know a specific region and its cultural or scenic qualities. The table below shows some of the most prominent theme routes. Other popular German theme routes include parts of the European Route of Brick Gothic and European Route of Industrial Heritage, the Harz-Heide Road, Bertha Benz Memorial Route and Bergstrasse.

List of theme routes (incomplete)
Route Established Theme Length
German Wine Road (Deutsche Weinstraße) 1935 Palatinate wine route 85 km
German Avenue Road (Deutsche Alleenstraße) 1993 Tree-sided avenues and lush countrysides 2900 km
Romantic Road (Romantische Straße) 1950 Romanticism 366 km
Black Forest High Road (Schwarzwaldhochstraße) 1952 Black Forest 60 km
Castle Road (Burgenstraße) 1954 Castles in Germany 1,000 km
Road of Weser Renaissance (Straße der Weserrenaissance) Weser Renaissance 350 km
Romanesque Road (Straße der Romanik) 1993 Romanesque architecture 1,195 km
German Ferries Route 2004 Fords, ferries, bridges and tunnels 250 km
German Timber-Frame Road 1990 Timber framing (Fachwerk) 3,000 km
German Clock Road (Deutsche Uhrenstrasse) Cuckoo clock Manufacturers, clock-face paintings workshops,
museums, Black Forest and Baar villages, landscapes 		320 km
Industrial Heritage Trail (Route der Industriekultur) Industrial heritage of the Ruhr area 400 km
German Fairy Tale Route (Deutsche Märchenstraße) Fairy tales and legends of the Brothers Grimm 600 km

Winter sportEdit

File:Bolsterlang Hörnerbahn.jpg
View of Bolsterlang, Oberallgäu

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The main winter sport regions in Germany are the Bavarian Alps and Northern Limestone Alps, as well as the Ore Mountains, Harz Mountains, Fichtel Mountains and Bavarian Forest within the Central Uplands. First class winter sport infrastructure is available for alpine skiing and snowboarding, bobsledding and cross-country skiing.

In most regions, winter sports are limited to the winter months November to February. During the Advent season, many German towns and cities host Christmas markets.

CitiesEdit

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In terms of numbers of overnight stays, travel to the twelve largest cities in Germany more than doubled between 1995 and 2005, the largest increase of any travel destination.<ref>Städte- und Kulturtourismus in Deutschland Template:Webarchive, German Tourism Association (DTV)</ref>Template:Citation needed This increase mainly arises from growth of cultural tourism, often in conjunction with educational or business travel. Consequently, the provision and supply of more and higher standards of cultural, entertainment, hospitality, gastronomic, and retail services also attract more international guests.

The table below shows the ten most visited cities in Germany in 2012. Other cities and towns with over 1 million nights per year are Rostock, Hannover, Bremen, Cuxhaven, Bonn, Freiburg, Münster, Lübeck, Wiesbaden, Essen and Regensburg.

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BerlinEdit

File:Tourist in Berlin.jpg
Tourist biking in Berlin

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Berlin has a yearly total of about 135 million day visitors, which puts it in third place among the most-visited city destinations in the European Union. Berlin had 781 hotels with over 125,000 beds in June 2012.<ref name="visitberlin">Tourist Attractions In Germany (August 2023)</ref> The city recorded 20.8 million overnight hotel stays and 9.1 million hotel guests in 2010.<ref name=third>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In the first half of 2012, there was an increase of over 10% compared to the same period the year before.<ref name=visitberlin/>

MunichEdit

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HamburgEdit

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In 2007, more than 3,985,105 visitors with 7,402,423 overnight stays visited the city.<ref>Template:Citation</ref> The tourism sector employs more than 175,000 people full-time and brings in revenue of €9.3 billion, making the tourism industry a major economic force in the Hamburg Metropolitan Region. Hamburg has one of the fastest-growing tourism industries in Germany. From 2001 to 2007, the overnight stays in the city increased by 55.2% (Berlin +52.7%, Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania +33%).<ref>Template:Citation</ref>

A typical Hamburg visit includes a tour of the city hall and the grand church St. Michaelis (called the Michel), and visiting the old warehouse district (Speicherstadt) and the harbour promenade (Landungsbrücken). Sightseeing buses connect these points of interest. As Hamburg is one of the world's largest harbours many visitors take one of the harbour and/or canal boat tours (Große Hafenrundfahrt, Fleetfahrt) which start from the Landungsbrücken. Major destinations also include museums.

The area of Reeperbahn in the quarter St. Pauli is Europe's largest red light district and home of strip clubs, brothels, bars and nightclubs. The Beatles had stints on the Reeperbahn early in their careers. Others prefer the laid-back neighbourhood Schanze with its street cafés, or a barbecue on one of the beaches along the river Elbe. Hamburg's famous zoo, the Tierpark Hagenbeck, was founded in 1907 by Carl Hagenbeck as the first zoo with moated, barless enclosures.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

GalleryEdit

EventsEdit

The table below shows some of the largest annually recurring events in Germany:


Type 		Event Location Season # of visitors Notes
Volksfest Oktoberfest Munich September/October 6.0 million
Volksfest Cannstatter Volksfest Stuttgart September/October 4.2 million locally called "Cannstatter Wasen"
Fair Largest Fair on the Rhine Düsseldorf July/August 4.0 million
Sailing regatta Kiel Week Kiel last week of June (ending the last Sunday in June) 3.5 million Largest sailing event of the world, one of the largest "Volksfeste" in Germany
Volksfest Template:Ill Nuremberg April 2.3 million<ref>Über zwei Millionen Besucher kamen zum Frühlingsfest on nordbayern.de, from 12 May 2019</ref> locally called "Frühlingsfest"
Volksfest Template:Ill Nuremberg August/September 2.0 million<ref>Herbstvolksfest zieht Bilanz: Abends war es brechend voll on nordbayern.de, from 8 September 2019</ref> locally called "Herbstfest"
Volksfest Libori Paderborn End of July 1.7 million 9 days, one of the biggest and oldest city center fests
Techno music festival Love Parade varies June/July 1.6 million canceled following the Love Parade disaster in 2010
Carnival parade Cologne Carnival Cologne February 1.5 million number of visitors for Rosenmontagszug
Gay pride Cologne Pride Cologne June/July 1.2 million
Maritime festival Hanse Sail Rostock 2nd weekend of August 1.1 million one of Europe's biggest events for sailors
Rock music festival Bochum Total Bochum June/July/August 1.0 million
Anniversary Port of Hamburg birthday Hamburg 7 May 1.0 million
Fireworks show Template:Ill Cologne July 1.0 million
contemporary art exhibition documenta Kassel Kassel 0.9 million only held once every 5 years
Rock music festival Rock am Ring and Rock im Park Nürburgring & Nuremberg May/June 0.8 million
Wine festival Wurstmarkt Bad Dürkheim 2nd—3rd weekend
in September 		0.6 million
Film festival Berlinale (Berlin International Film Festival) Berlin February 0.5 million Film festival
Rhine river fireworks Rhein in Flammen Bonn May 0.5 million
Classical music Schleswig-Holstein Musik Festival throughout Schleswig-Holstein July/August 0.2 million
World Marathon Major Berlin Marathon Berlin September
contemporary art exhibition Template:Ill Düsseldorf September/January only held once every 4 years

Note: This list only includes the largest, annually recurring events in selected categories. This list may be incomplete.

Trade fairsEdit

File:IAA Frankfurt 2007.jpg
Visitors at IAA 2007
File:Leipziger Buchmesse 2012 Merchandising Stand.jpg
The Leipzig Book Fair in 2012

Germany is home to several of the world's largest trade fairgrounds, and many of the international exhibitions are considered trend-setters or industry leaders. Thousands of national and international trade fairs, conventions and congresses are held in Germany annually. In 2008, 10.3 million people visited the 150 largest trade fairs alone. More than half of these visitors come from abroad, more than one third from countries outside Europe. The table below shows some of the most visited trade fairs.

Trade fair ground City Trade fair Industry # of visitors<ref>Euro Fair Statistics 2008 Template:Webarchive, Society for Voluntary Control of Fair and Exhibition Statistics (FKM)</ref><ref>Audited Trade Fair and Exhibition Figures 2008 Template:Webarchive, Society for Voluntary Control of Fair and Exhibition Statistics (FKM)</ref> Notes
Messe Frankfurt Frankfurt, Main Internationale Automobilausstellung (IAA) motor show 850,000 in 2009 held in Hanover every other year as a truck show
Frankfurt, Main Frankfurt Book Fair books 300,000 in 2008
ISH heating, ventilation and air conditioning 201,000 in 2009 biennial
Messegelände Hanover CeBIT computer expo 334,000 87,000 foreign visitors
Hanover Hannover Messe industrial technology 250,000 in 2011 world's biggest industrial fair
Messe München Munich BAUMA construction machinery 530,000 in 2013 triennial
Munich BAU architecture, materials, systems engineering 212,000 in 2009 biennial
Messe Nürnberg Nuremberg Consumenta consumer goods 214,209 in 2003 biennial
Nuremberg Holz-Handwerk machine technology, equipment and supplies for woodworking 193,169 in 2001 biennial
Messe Berlin Berlin International Green Week (IGW) sustainable agriculture 425,000 9,000 foreign visitors
Berlin Internationale Funkausstellung (IFA) consumer electronics 240,000 in 2012
Messe Düsseldorf Düsseldorf Drupa print media 390,000 230,000 foreign visitors, quadrennial
Düsseldorf Boot Düsseldorf boats 267.000 43,000 foreign visitors
Düsseldorf Kunststoffmesse (K) plastics 242,000 in 2007 triennial
Koelnmesse Cologne Gamescom video games 345,000 in 2015 organised by Leipzig Trade Fair until 2008 as Games Convention

Note: This list only includes trade fairs with 250,000 visitors per year or more. This list may be incomplete.

Most visitedEdit

Protected areasEdit

The table below shows the most visited protected areas in Germany.

File:Nationalpark Vorpommersche Boddenlandschaft, Darß--Grenze zur Kernzone, Blick Richtung Pramort (1).jpg
The Western Pomerania Lagoon Area National Park
File:Lilienstein Saxon Switzerland.jpg
Lilienstein at Saxon Switzerland

GalleryEdit

Rank Protected area Location Type # of visitors in 2002<ref name="Deutscher Tourismusverband">Deutscher Tourismusverband Template:Webarchive, German Tourism Association (DTV)</ref> # of visitors in 2008
1 Western Pomerania Lagoon Area National Park Mecklenburg-Vorpommern National park 2.50 million 3.00 million<ref>Mehr als drei Millionen Besucher jährlich Template:Webarchive, Die Welt, 15 October 2008</ref>
2 Saxon Switzerland National Park Saxony National park 2.15 million 2.90 million<ref>Immer mehr Besucher im Nationalpark Template:Webarchive, Mitteldeutscher Rundfunk, 12. March 2010</ref>
3 Bavarian Forest National Park Bavaria National park 2.00 million
4 Jasmund National Park Mecklenburg-Vorpommern National park 2.00 million
5 Lower Saxony Wadden Sea National Park 1 Lower Saxony National park 2.00 million
6 Berchtesgaden National Park Bavaria National park 1.50 million
7 Harz National Park Lower Saxony, Saxony-Anhalt National park 1.50 million
8 Schleswig-Holstein Wadden Sea National Park1 Schleswig-Holstein National park 1.50 million
9 Mainau Island Baden-Württemberg garden island 1.30 million

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LandmarksEdit

The German Tourism Association (Deutscher Tourismusverband) irregularly publishes statistics on the most visited landmarks. With an average of over 6 million visitors entering Cologne Cathedral per year, the cathedral is Germany's most visited landmark. Second and third places go to the Reichstag building in Berlin and the Hofbräuhaus in Munich. Other much visited architectural landmarks include the Drosselgasse in Rüdesheim (3.0m), the medieval old towns of Rothenburg ob der Tauber (2.5m), Regensburg (2.0m), Frauenkirche in Dresden (2.5m), Bad Münstereifel (2m), the Brandenburg Gate in Berlin and the Holsten Gate in Lübeck 1.

Rank Landmark Location Subject # of visitors
1 Cologne Cathedral 1 Cologne Gothic Cathedral 6.0 million<ref>Der Kölner Dom Template:Webarchive, Hessischer Rundfunk</ref> (2004)
2 Reichstag building Berlin Bundestag 2.70 million<ref>Das ParlamentTemplate:Dead link, February 2008</ref> (2006)
3 Hofbräuhaus Munich Brewery 1.80 million<ref>Zapfhahn 2007Template:Dead link, Hofbräuhaus, page 9</ref>
4 Heidelberg Castle Heidelberg Renaissance architecture
5 Neuschwanstein Castle Schwangau Bavarian King Ludwig II's castle 1.5 million (2018)<ref>Neuschwanstein Castle is top, again Template:Webarchive, Deutsche Welle (5 February 2019).</ref>
6 Zwinger and Gemäldegalerie Alte Meister Dresden Dresden State Art Collections
7 Fernsehturm Berlin TV and observation tower
8 Aachen Cathedral 1 Aachen Holy Roman Imperial Cathedral 1.5 million<ref>Tourismus-BarometerTemplate:Dead link, Aachen district, 2008</ref>

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Theme parksEdit

The table below shows some of the most visited theme parks or related facilities in Germany.

File:Atlantica (Europa-Park Germany).jpg
Atlantica SuperSplash in Europa-Park
Name Location Type # of visitors in 2002<ref name="Deutscher Tourismusverband"/> # of visitors in 2008
Europa-Park Rust Amusement park 3.5 million 4.0 million<ref>Europa-Park Facts Template:Webarchive, March 2010</ref>
Berlin Zoological Garden Berlin Zoo 3.0 million
VW Autostadt Wolfsburg Automobile park 2.1 million
Nürburgring Nürburg Formula One park 2.0 million
Therme Erding Erding Water park 1.5 million
Movie Park Germany Bottrop Amusement park 1.3 million
Legoland Deutschland Günzburg Miniature park 1.3 million
Leipzig Zoological Garden "Zoo of the future" Leipzig Zoo 1.2 million 2.1 million
Phantasialand Brühl Amusement park 1.75 million
Heide Park Resort Soltau Amusement park 1.6 million
Deutsches Museum Munich Museum 1.4 million
Hamburg Planetarium Hamburg Planetarium 0.4 million

Note: This list only includes the largest theme parks/facilities in selected categories. This list may be incomplete.

See alsoEdit

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ReferencesEdit

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  1. Statistisches Bundesamt Deutschland (Federal Statistical Office)
  2. DZT / World Travel Monitor
  3. World Tourism Organization

https://www.deutschertourismusverband.de/fileadmin/Mediendatenbank/Dateien/ZDF_2016.pdf

External linksEdit

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Template:Germany topics Template:Tourism in Europe

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