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Trans-European Transport Network

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File:Trans-European Transport Network (2024).png
Map of the European Transport Corridors
File:Trans-European Transport Network.png
Map of the TEN-T Comprehensive and Core Networks

Template:Use dmy dates The Trans-European Transport Network (TEN-T) is a planned network of roads, railways, airports and water infrastructure in the European Union. The TEN-T network is part of a wider system of Trans-European Networks (TENs), including a telecommunications network (eTEN) and a proposed energy network (TEN-E or Ten-Energy). The European Commission adopted the first action plans on trans-European networks in 1990.<ref name="Axes page 7">timeline of TEN-T priority axes and projects as of 2005 Template:Webarchive, p. 7, PDF document, 14 MB</ref>

TEN-T envisages coordinated improvements to primary roads, railways, inland waterways, airports, seaports, inland ports and traffic management systems, providing integrated and intermodal long-distance, high-speed routes. A decision to adopt TEN-T was made by the European Parliament and Council in July 1996.<ref name="Decision">Decision No 1692/96/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 July 1996 on Community guidelines for the development of the trans-European transport network</ref> The EU works to promote the networks by a combination of leadership, coordination, issuance of guidelines and funding aspects of development.

These projects are technically and financially managed by the Innovation and Networks Executive Agency (INEA), which superseded the Trans-European Transport Network Executive Agency (TEN-T EA) on 31 December 2013. The tenth and newest project, the Rhine-Danube Corridor, was announced for the 2014–2020 financial period.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

HistoryEdit

TEN-T guidelines were initially adopted on 23 July 1996, with Decision No 1692/96/EC<ref name="Decision"/> of the European Parliament and of the Council on Community guidelines for the development of the trans-European transport network. In May 2001, the European Parliament and the Council adopted a Decision No 1346/2001/EC,<ref>Decision No 1346/2001/EC</ref> which amended the TEN-T Guidelines with respect to seaports, inland ports and intermodal terminals.

In April 2004, the European Parliament and the Council adopted Decision No 884/2004/EC (added to the list by Decision No 884/2004/EC<ref name="Decision 884">Decision No 884/2004/EC</ref>), amending Decision No 1692/96/EC on Community guidelines for the development of the trans-European transport network. The April 2004 revision was a more fundamental change to TEN-T policies, intended to accommodate EU enlargement and consequent changes in traffic flows.<ref>here (13 MB) Template:Webarchive</ref>

The evolution of the TEN-T was facilitated by a proposal in 1994 which included a series of priority projects.<ref>Boris Böttcher THE TRANS-EUROPEAN TRANSPORT NETWORK (TEN-T): HISTORY, PROGRESS AND FINANCING, 2006</ref>

In December 2013, with the Regulations (EU) 1315/2013 (TEN-T Guidelines), and (EU) 1316/2013 (Connecting Europe Facility 1), the TEN-T network has been defined on three levels, the Comprehensive network and the Core network, and therein the 9 Core network corridors.

On 17 October 2013, nine Core network corridors (instead of the 30 TENT Priority projects) were announced.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> These were:

  1. the Baltic–Adriatic Corridor (Poland–Czech Republic/Slovakia–Austria–Italy);
  2. the North Sea–Baltic Corridor (Finland–Estonia–Latvia–Lithuania–Poland–Germany–Netherlands/Belgium);
  3. the Mediterranean Corridor (Spain–France–Northern Italy–Slovenia–Croatia–Hungary);
  4. the Orient/East–Med Corridor (Germany–Czech Republic–Austria/Slovakia–Hungary–Romania–Bulgaria–Greece–Cyprus);
  5. the Scandinavian–Mediterranean Corridor (Finland–Sweden–Denmark–Germany–Austria–Italy);
  6. the Rhine–Alpine Corridor (Netherlands/Belgium–Germany–Switzerland–Italy);
  7. the Atlantic Corridor (formerly known as Lisboa–Strasbourg Corridor) (Portugal–Spain–France);
  8. the North Sea–Mediterranean Corridor (Ireland–UK–Netherlands–Belgium–Luxembourg–Marseille(France),
  9. the Rhine–Danube Corridor<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref> (Germany–Austria–Slovakia–Hungary–Romania with branch Germany–Czech Republic–Slovakia);

In July 2021, with the Regulation (EU) 2021/1153 (Connecting Europe Facility 2), the 9 Core network corridors were extended, partially significantly (e.g. Atlantic, North-Sea Baltic, Scand-Med) while the North Sea-Med because of Brexit has changed to Ireland–Belgium-Netherlands and Ireland–France.

In December 2021, the European Commission's proposal for a new Regulation on TEN-T guidelines (COM 2021/821) proposes inter alia for the future a dissolution of selected Core network corridors (Orient/East–Med, North Sea–Mediterranean), its integration in other corridors (Rhine–Danube, North Sea–Alpine) and the creation of new aligned corridors (Baltic–Black–Aegean Seas, Western Balkans).<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Connections to neighbours

The development of Ten-T in the Balkans (Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo, Montenegro, North Macedonia, and Serbia) was given in 2017 to the Southeast Europe Transport Community.

In 2017, it was decided that the Trans-European Transport Networks would be extended further into Eastern Europe and would include Eastern Partnership member states.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>Ukraine joins Trans-European Transport Networks, UNIAN (27 November 2017)</ref> The furthest eastern expansion of the Trans-European Transport Network reached Armenia in February 2019.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

As per the 2021 proposal, connections shall also lead to the UK, Switzerland, the South Mediterranean, Turkey, and the Western Balkans.

In July 2022, it was agreed to link four European Transport Corridors with Moldova and Ukraine and to drop Russia and Belarus from the TEN-T map.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> An August 2023 report recommended TEN-T be extended to Moldova and Ukraine with a standard gauge (1435mm) rail line, to assist in their integration with EU rail networks, some lines running alongside the 1520mm lines to avoid disruption during construction.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Core Network CorridorsEdit

This is the complete list of the TEN-T Core Network Corridors.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Corridor Name<ref name="CORRIDOR">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>!! class="unsortable" | From !!class="unsortable"| Via !!class="unsortable"| To !! Length

1 Baltic–Adriatic Corridor Template:Flagicon Gdynia Template:Flagicon Vienna Template:Flagicon Ravenna 2400 km<ref name=CORRIDOR/>
2 North Sea–Baltic Corridor Template:Flagicon Helsinki Template:Flagicon Warsaw Template:Flagicon Antwerp citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

3 Mediterranean Corridor Template:Flagicon Algeciras Template:Flagicon Lyon – Template:Flagicon Venice Template:Flagicon Miskolc 3000 km<ref name=CORRIDOR/>
4 Orient/East–Med Corridor Template:Flagicon Hamburg Template:Flagicon Budapest – Template:Flagicon Sofia Template:Flagicon Nicosia 3700 km
5 Scandinavian–Mediterranean Corridor Template:Flagicon Helsinki Template:Flagicon Copenhagen – Template:Flagicon Munich Template:Flagicon Valletta 4858 km
6 Rhine–Alpine Corridor Template:Flagicon Genoa Template:Flagicon Cologne Template:Flagicon Rotterdam 1300 km
7 Atlantic Corridor Template:Flagicon Lisbon Template:Flagicon Vitoria-Gasteiz Template:Flagicon Strasbourg citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

8 North Sea–Mediterranean Corridor Template:Flagicon Dublin Template:Flagicon Cork – Template:Flagicon Le Havre Template:Flagicon Brussels 933 km
9 Rhine–Danube Corridor Template:Flagicon Strasbourg Template:Flagicon Budapest Template:Flagicon Constanța<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref> || 2137 km

Funding timelineEdit

Financial support for the implementation of TEN-T guidelines stems from the following rules:

In general, TEN-T projects are mostly funded by national or state governments. Other funding sources include: European Community funds (ERDF, Cohesion Funds, TEN-T budget), loans from international financial institutions (e.g. the European Investment Bank), and private funding.

List of transport networksEdit

Each transportation mode has a network. The networks are:<ref name="Decision" />

Previous prioritiesEdit

At its meeting in Essen in 1994, the European Council endorsed a list of 14 TEN-T ‘specific’ projects, drawn up by a group chaired by then Commission Vice-President Henning Christophersen.<ref name="Axes page 7" /> Following the 2003 recommendations from the Van Miert TEN-T high-level group, the Commission compiled a list of 30 priority projects to be launched before 2010.<ref name="Axes">EC web site with links to the complete Van Miert reports, plus annexes and maps Template:Webarchive</ref>

The 30 axes and priority projects were:<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Template:Columns-list As of 2019, several of them are finished, e.g. no 2, 5 and 11, other are ongoing e.g. no 12 and 17, and some are not started, e.g no 27.

Related networksEdit

In addition to the various TENs, there are ten Pan-European corridors, which are paths between major urban centres and ports, mainly in Eastern Europe, that have been identified as requiring major investment.

The international E-road network is a naming system for major roads in Europe managed by the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe. It numbers roads with a designation beginning with "E" (such as "E1").

See alsoEdit

ReferencesEdit

Template:Reflist

External linksEdit

Template:Trans-European Transport Networks Template:Portal bar

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