Travel
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Travel is the movement of people between distant geographical locations. Travel can be done by foot, bicycle, automobile, train, boat, bus, airplane, ship or other means, with or without luggage, and can be one way or round trip.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Travel can also include relatively short stays between successive movements, as in the case of tourism.
EtymologyEdit
The origin of the word "travel" is most likely lost to history. The term "travel" may originate from the Old French word travail, which means 'work'.<ref>Entymoligical dictionary (definition). Retrieved on 10 December 2011</ref> According to the Merriam-Webster dictionary, the first known use of the word travel was in the 14th century. It also states that the word comes from Middle English {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}, {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} (which means to torment, labor, strive, journey) and earlier from Old French {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} (which means to work strenuously, toil).
In English, people still occasionally use the words {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}, which means struggle. According to Simon Winchester in his book The Best Travelers' Tales (2004), the words travel and travail both share an even more ancient root: a Roman instrument of torture called the {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} (in Latin it means "three stakes", as in to impale).Template:Citation needed This link may reflect the extreme difficulty of travel in ancient times. Travel in modern times may or may not be much easier, depending upon the destination. Travel to Mount Everest, the Amazon rainforest, extreme tourism, and adventure travel are more difficult forms of travel. Travel can also be more difficult depending on the method of travel, such as by bus, cruise ship, or even by bullock cart.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
Purpose and motivationEdit
Reasons for traveling include recreation,<ref name="ufl">"The Road to Travel: Purpose of Travel." University of Florida, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences. (Compilation for History 3931/REL 3938 course.) Accessed July 2011.</ref> holidays, rejuvenation,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> tourism<ref name="ufl"/> or vacationing,<ref name="ufl"/> research travel,<ref name="ufl"/> the gathering of information, visiting people, volunteer travel for charity, migration to begin life somewhere else, religious pilgrimages<ref name="ufl"/> and mission trips, business travel,<ref name="ufl"/> trade,<ref name="ufl"/> commuting, obtaining health care,<ref name="ufl"/> waging or fleeing war, for the enjoyment of traveling, or other reasons. Travelers may use human-powered transport such as walking or bicycling; or vehicles, such as public transport, automobiles, trains, ferries, boats, cruise ships and airplanes.
Motives for travel include:
- Pleasure<ref name="conservancy">Template:Cite journal</ref>
- Relaxation
- Discovery and exploration<ref name="ufl"/>
- Adventure
- Intercultural communications<ref name="ufl"/>
- Taking personal time for building interpersonal relationships.
- Avoiding stress<ref name="ustravel.org">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=web }}</ref>
- Forming memories<ref name="ustravel.org"/>
- Cultural experiences<ref name="worldpackers.com">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=web }}</ref>
- Volunteering
- Festivals and events
HistoryEdit
Travel dates back to antiquity where wealthy Greeks and Romans would travel for leisure to their summer homes and villas in cities such as Pompeii and Baiae.<ref name=matador>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> While early travel tended to be slower, more dangerous, and more dominated by trade and migration, cultural and technological advances over many years have tended to mean that travel has become easier and more accessible.<ref>"A Brief Visual History of Travel". Accessed May 2017.</ref> Humankind has come a long way in transportation since Christopher Columbus sailed to the New World from Spain in 1492, an expedition which took over 10 weeks to arrive at the final destination; to the 21st century when aircraft allows travel from Spain to the United States overnight.
Travel in the Middle Ages offered hardships and challenges, though it was important to the economy and to society. The wholesale sector depended (for example) on merchants dealing with/through caravans or sea-voyagers, end-user retailing often demanded the services of many itinerant peddlers wandering from village to hamlet, gyrovagues (wandering monks) and wandering friars brought theology and pastoral support to neglected areas, traveling minstrels toured, and armies ranged far and wide in various crusades and in sundry other wars.<ref name=matador/> Pilgrimages were common in both the European and Islamic world and involved streams of travelers both locally and internationally.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
In the late 16th century, it became fashionable for young European aristocrats and wealthy upper-class men to travel to significant European cities as part of their education in the arts and literature. This was known as the Grand Tour, and included cities such as London, Paris, Venice, Florence, and Rome. However, the French Revolution brought with it the end of the Grand Tour.<ref name=matador/>
Travel by water often provided more comfort and speed than land-travel, at least until the advent of a network of railways in the 19th century. Travel for the purpose of tourism is reported to have started around this time when people began to travel for fun as travel was no longer a hard and challenging task. This was capitalized on by people like Thomas Cook selling tourism packages where trains and hotels were booked together.<ref name=DW>Template:Cite news</ref> Airships and airplanes took over much of the role of long-distance surface travel in the 20th century, notably after the Second World War where there was a surplus of both aircraft and pilots.<ref name=matador/> Air travel has become so ubiquitous in the 21st century that one woman, Alexis Alford, visited all 196 countries before the age of 21.<ref name="twsLL222">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Geographic typesEdit
Travel may be local, regional, national (domestic) or international. In some countries, non-local internal travel may require an internal passport, while international travel typically requires a passport and visa. Tours are a common type of travel. Examples of travel tours are expedition cruises,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> small group tours,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> and river cruises.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
SafetyEdit
Authorities emphasize the importance of taking precautions to ensure travel safety.<ref name="travel.state.gov">"Tips for Traveling Abroad." Bureau of Consular Affairs, U.S. Department of State. Accessed July 2011.</ref> When traveling abroad, the odds favor a safe and incident-free trip, however, travelers can be subject to difficulties, crime and violence.<ref>"A Safe Trip Abroad." Bureau of Consular Affairs, U.S. Department of State. Accessed July 2011.</ref> Some safety considerations include being aware of one's surroundings,<ref name="travel.state.gov"/> avoiding being the target of a crime,<ref name="travel.state.gov"/> leaving copies of one's passport and itinerary information with trusted people,<ref name="travel.state.gov"/> obtaining medical insurance valid in the country being visited<ref name="travel.state.gov"/> and registering with one's national embassy when arriving in a foreign country.<ref name="travel.state.gov"/> Many countries do not recognize drivers' licenses from other countries; however most countries accept international driving permits.<ref name="travel.state.gov.permits">"Road Safety Overseas." Bureau of Consular Affairs, U.S. Department of State. Accessed July 2011. </ref> Automobile insurance policies issued in one's own country are often invalid in foreign countries, and it is often a requirement to obtain temporary auto insurance valid in the country being visited.<ref name="travel.state.gov.permits"/> It is also advisable to become oriented with the driving rules and regulations of destination countries.<ref name="travel.state.gov.permits"/> Wearing a seat belt is highly advisable for safety reasons; many countries have penalties for violating seatbelt laws.<ref name="travel.state.gov.permits"/>
There are three main statistics which may be used to compare the safety of various forms of travel (based on a Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions survey in October 2000):<ref>The risks of travel Template:Webarchive</ref>
| Mode | Deaths per billion | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Journeys | Hours | Kilometers | |
| Bus | 4.3 | 11.1 | 0.4 |
| Rail | 20 | 30 | 0.6 |
| Air | 117 | 30.8 | 0.05 |
| Ship | 90 | 50 | 2.6 |
| Van | 20 | 60 | 1.2 |
| Car | 40 | 130 | 3.1 |
| Walking | 40 | 220 | 54 |
| Bicycle | 170 | 550 | 45 |
| Motorcycle | 1640 | 4840 | 109 |
See alsoEdit
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- Environmental impact of aviation
- Layover
- List of travelers
- Mode of transport
- Recreational travel
- Right of return
- Science tourism
- Transport
- Tourism
ReferencesEdit
External linksEdit
Template:Tourism Template:Adventure travel Template:Commercial air travel Template:Public transport Template:Authority control