Tsiigehtchic
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}}Template:Main other Tsiigehtchic (Template:IPAc-en Template:Respell; "mouth of the iron river"), officially the Hamlet of Tsiigehtchic,<ref name="CGDL"/> is a Gwichʼin community located at the confluence of the Mackenzie and the Arctic Red Rivers, in the Inuvik Region of the Northwest Territories, Canada. The community was formerly known as Arctic Red River, until 1 April 1994. The Gwichya Gwich'in First Nation is located in Tsiigehtchic.
HistoryEdit
Ancient historyEdit
Archaeology and oral history indicate that the flats below Tsiigehtchic have been used for the past 1,400 years by the Gwichyaa Gwichʼin, for various activities which were both commercial and recreational. The Gwich’in name for the flats is Łèth T’urh Kak (“on the mud flats”).<ref name=":0">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Late modern period and the first European contactEdit
The first European contact with the Gwichya Gwich’in occurred in the summer of 1789, just prior to the late modern period, when Alexander Mackenzie reached the area with his party of explorers.
Contemporary historyEdit
In 1825, John Franklin, inspired by Mackenzie's travel, reached into the area.<ref name=":0" />
The very first permanent settlement here began due to European intervention, with the establishment of a Catholic mission in 1868, which would then be soon followed by a Hudson's Bay Company trading post in the 1870s.<ref name=":0" />
In May 2023, the community of Tsiigehtchi voted to change from being a charter community to a hamlet. The change occurred in July 1, 2024.<ref name=":0" />
DemographicsEdit
In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Tsiigehtchic had a population of Template:Val living in Template:Val of its Template:Val total private dwellings, a change of Template:Percentage from its 2016 population of Template:Val. With a land area of Template:Convert, it had a population density of Template:Pop density in 2021.<ref name=2021census>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
In 2016, 130 people identified as First Nations and 10 as Inuit. However, only 5 people said that an Indigenous language (Gwich’in) was their mother tongue.<ref name="2016census"/>
TransportationEdit
The Dempster Highway, NWT Highway 8, crosses the Mackenzie River at Tsiigehtchic.<ref name=FerryOperators2006> Template:Cite news</ref> During winter, vehicle traffic is over the ice, during the rest of the year, traffic is carried by the ferry MV Louis Cardinal.
The ferry stops at Tsiigehtchic, on the eastern bank of the Arctic Red River, and on the southwestern and northeastern banks of the Mackenzie River, connecting the two legs of the Dempster Highway. The community is one of the few in the NWT not to be served by a permanent airport.
Steppe bison carcassEdit
In early September 2007, near Tsiigehtchic, local resident Shane Van Loon discovered a carcass of a steppe bison, which was radiocarbon dated to c. 13,650 cal BP.<ref name="Zazula2009"/> This carcass appears to represent the first Pleistocene mummified soft tissue remains from the glaciated regions of northern Canada.<ref name="Zazula2009">Template:Cite journal</ref>
ServicesEdit
Tsiigehtchi has a health centre. Royal Canadian Mounted Police services are provided through Fort McPherson.
See alsoEdit
ReferencesEdit
Further readingEdit
- Heine, Michael K. Gwichya Gwich'in Googwandak: The History and Stories of the Gwichya Gwich'in; As Told by the Elders of Tsiigehtchic. Tsiigehtchic, N.W.T.: Gwich'in Social and Cultural Institute, 2001. Template:ISBN
External linksEdit
- Tsiigehtchic at the Gwich'in Social and Cultural Institute