Uzbekistani sum

Template:Short description Template:Infobox Currency

The sum (Template:Lang-uz-Latn-Cyrl {{#invoke:IPA|main}}; ISO code: UZS) is the official currency of Uzbekistan. Uzbekistan replaced the ruble with the sum at par in on 16 July 1994. No subdivisions of this sum were initially issued and only banknotes were produced, in denominations of 1, 3, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100, 200, 500, 1,000, 5,000, and 10,000 sum. Further series, however, have introduced coins and a subunit, the tiyin. Because it was meant to be a transitional currency, the design was rather simplistic.

EtymologyEdit

The official name of the Soviet currency in Kazakh, Kyrgyz, Tajik, and Uzbek was som, and this name appeared written on the back of banknotes, among the texts for the value of the note in all 15 official languages of the USSR. The word sum (alternatively transliterated "som" or "soum") means "pure" in Kazakh, Kyrgyz, Uyghur and Uzbek, as well as in many other Turkic languages. The word implies "pure" silver or gold.

First sumEdit

HistoryEdit

Like other republics of the former Soviet Union, Uzbekistan continued using the Soviet/Russian ruble after independence. On 26 July 1993, a new series of Russian ruble was issued and the old Soviet/Russian ruble ceased to be legal tender in Russia.<ref name=GFD>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name=tradeReport>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Some successor states had their national currencies before the change, some chose to continue using the pre-1993 Soviet/Russian ruble, and some chose to use both the pre-1993 and the new Russian ruble. Tables of modern monetary history: Asia<ref name=TMMH>Template:Numis cite TMMH</ref> implies that both old and new rubles were used in Uzbekistan.

Uzbekistan replaced the ruble with the sum at par in on 15 November 1993.<ref name=TMMH/> No subdivisions of this sum were issued and only banknotes were produced, in denominations of 1, 3, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100, 200, 500, 1,000, 5,000, and 10,000 sum. Because it was meant to be a transitional currency, the design was rather simplistic. All notes had the Coat of arms on the obverse, and Sher-Dor Madrasah of the Registan in Samarkand on the reverse.

CoinsEdit

No coins were issued for the first sum.

BanknotesEdit

The first banknotes were issued by the State Bank of Uzbekistan in 1993. All of the denominations share the same designs: the Coat of arms of Uzbekistan on the front and the madrasahs on Registan Square in Samarkand.


Image		Value	Dimensions (mm)
Obverse	Reverse	Value	Dimensions (mm)
File:1 som. Uzbekistan, 1992 a.jpg	File:1 som. Uzbekistan, 1992 b.jpg	1 sum	120×61
File:3 som. Uzbekistan, 1992 a.jpg	File:3 som. Uzbekistan, 1992 b.jpg	3 sum
File:5 som. Uzbekistan, 1992 a.jpg	File:5 som. Uzbekistan, 1992 b.jpg	5 sum
File:10 som. Uzbekistan, 1992 a.jpg	File:10 som. Uzbekistan, 1992 b.jpg	10 sum
File:25 som. Uzbekistan, 1992 a.jpg	File:25 som. Uzbekistan, 1992 b.jpg	25 sum
File:50 som. Uzbekistan, 1992 a.jpg	File:50 som. Uzbekistan, 1992 b.jpg	50 sum	144×69
File:100 som. Uzbekistan, 1992 a.jpg	File:100 som. Uzbekistan, 1992 b.jpg	100 sum
File:200 som. Uzbekistan, 1992 a.jpg	File:200 som. Uzbekistan, 1992 b.jpg	200 sum
File:500 som. Uzbekistan, 1992 a.jpg	File:500 som. Uzbekistan, 1992 b.jpg	500 sum
File:1000 som. Uzbekistan, 1992 a.jpg	File:1000 som. Uzbekistan, 1992 b.jpg	1,000 sum
File:5000 som. Uzbekistan, 1992 a.jpg	File:5000 som. Uzbekistan, 1992 b.jpg	5,000 sum
File:10000 som. Uzbekistan, 1992 a.jpg	File:10000 som. Uzbekistan, 1992 b.jpg	10,000 sum

Second sumEdit

HistoryEdit

File:UZS500 1999 front.jpg

500 sum note issued in 1999.

On 1 July 1994,<ref name=TMMH/> a second sum was introduced at a rate of 1 new sum = 1,000 old sum. This sum is subdivided into 100 tiyin.

InflationEdit

Until 2013, the largest denomination of Uzbek currency was the 1,000-sum banknote, then worth US$0.60, requiring Uzbeks to carry large bundles of notes for routine transactions.

Back in 2019, a new largest denomination was issued, the 100,000-sum banknote (as of October 2019 worth US$10.55), which made the situation easier. The smallest denomination, the 1 tiyin, is worth less than Template:Frac of a US cent making it the "world's most worthless coin" that was still legal tender until 1 March 2020. However, coins and banknotes smaller than 50 sum are rare now.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

The rampant inflation situation is considered a politically sensitive issue in Uzbekistan, which is why the Uzbek government is slow to acclimate the currency to its current value by issuing higher coin and note denominations. As a result, the current highest coin denomination in circulation is the 500 sum while the highest banknote denomination is the 200,000 sum. Official state figures put inflation as of the first half of 2011 at 3.6%, however accurate numbers are pinned far higher. Coins and banknotes below 50 sum are practically worthless now.

CoinsEdit

Three series of coins have been issued for the second sum. They can be easily distinguished by the script used for the Uzbek language. The first series was written in Cyrillic script, while the second and third series is written in Latin script.

First series (1994–2000)Edit

First series coins (1994–2000)
Image	Value	Technical parameters			Description			Date of
Image	Value	Diameter	Mass	Composition	Edge	Obverse	Reverse	minting	issue	withdrawal	lapse
File:UZ-1994tiin01.jpg	1 tiyin	16,9 mm	1,75 g	Brass-clad steel	Smooth	Coat of arms with 12 stars State title	Value, year of minting	1994	July 1994	1 March 2020<ref name=":0">{{#invoke:citation/CS1\|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	1 January 2021<ref name=":0"/>
File:UZ-1994tiin03.jpg	3 tiyin	19,9 mm	2,7 g		Reeded
File:UZ-1994tiin05.jpg	5 tiyin	17 mm	1,8 g
File:UZ-1994tiin10.jpg	10 tiyin	18,7 mm	2,85 g	Nickel-clad steel
File:UZ-1994tiin20.jpg	20 tiyin	22 mm	4 g		Inscription: “ЙИГИРМА ТИЙИН ЙИГИРМА ТИЙИН”
File:UZ-1994tiin50.jpg	50 tiyin	23,9 mm	4,8 g		Inscription: “ЭЛЛИК ТИЙИН * ЭЛЛИК ТИЙИН * ЭЛЛИК ТИЙИН”
File:UZ-1998sum01.jpg	1 sum	19,8 mm	2,72 g		Smooth			1997, 1998, 1999	1997
File:UZ-1999sum05.jpg	5 sum	22,2 mm	4 g					1997, 1998, 1999
File:UZ-1998sum10.jpg	10 sum	24 mm	4,7 g					1997, 1998, 1999, 2000
Template:Standard coin table notice

Second series (2000–2004)Edit

Second Series
Image		Value	Technical parameters			Description			Date of minting	Withdrawal
Image		Value	Diameter	Mass	Composition	Edge	Obverse	Reverse	Date of minting	Withdrawal
File:UZ-2000sum01.jpg		1 sum	18.4 mm	2.83 g	Stainless steel	Reeded	Coat of arms without stars Bank title, year of minting	Value, map of Uzbekistan	2000	1 March 2020<ref name=":0"/>
File:UZ-2001sum05.jpg		5 sum	21.2 mm	3.35 g	Brass-clad steel	Plain	Coat of arms without stars Bank title, year of minting	Value, map of Uzbekistan	2001	1 March 2020<ref name=":0"/>
File:UZ-2001sum10.jpg		10 sum	19.75 mm	2.71 g	Nickel-clad steel	Plain	Coat of arms without stars Bank title, year of minting	Value, map of Uzbekistan	2001	1 March 2020<ref name=":0"/>
File:UZ-2001sum50.jpg	File:UZ-2004sum100-obv.jpg	50 sum	26.1 mm	8 g		Plain and reeded sections	Coat of arms without stars Bank title, year of minting	Value, map of Uzbekistan	2001	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
File:50 Som UZ 2002.png		50 sum	26.1 mm	7.9 g		Plain and reeded sections	Coat of arms without stars Bank title, year of minting	Value, statue and ruin of Shahrisabz	2002	1 July 2019<ref name=":1"/>
File:UZ-2004sum100.jpg	File:UZ-2004sum100-obv.jpg	100 sum	26.9 mm	7.9 g	Nickel-plated steel	Inscription	Coat of arms without stars Bank title, year of minting	Value, map of Uzbekistan, sunrays	2004	1 July 2019<ref name=":1"/>
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Third series (2018–2022)Edit

In May 2018 the introduction of new coins valued 50, 100, 200 and 500 sum was announced. All previously issued banknotes and coins of those denominations were to be withdrawn from circulation by 1 July 2020. In 2022, the Central Bank of the Republic of Uzbekistan introduced a 1,000 sum coin into circulation, notable as it is the first bi-metallic coin issued for circulation since the introduction of the Uzbek sum in 1994.

Image	Value	Technical parameters			Description			Date of
Third series (2018)<ref name="Монеты">{{#invoke:citation/CS1\|citation												CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Image	Value	Diameter	Mass	Composition	Edge	Obverse	Reverse	minting	issue	withdrawal	lapse
File:50 SUM 2018.jpg	50 sum	18.0 mm	2.0g	Nickel-plated steel	Plain	Denomination	National emblem of Uzbekistan, year of minting	2018	2 July 2018<ref name=":0"/>	Current
File:100 SUM 2018.jpg	100 sum	20.0 mm	2.5 g			Independence and Goodness monument, Tashkent
File:200 SUM 2018.jpg	200 sum	22.0 mm	3.3 g			Detail of a tiger mosaiс on the Sher-Dor Madrasah at the Registan in Samarkand
File:500 SUM 2018.jpg	500 sum	24.0 mm	3.9 g			Palace of Conventions (Anjumanlar Saroyi) in Tashkent
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Third series (2022)<ref name="Монеты"/>
Image	Value	Technical parameters			Description			Date of
Image	Value	Diameter	Mass	Composition	Edge	Obverse	Reverse	minting	issue	withdrawal	lapse
	1,000 sum	26.27 mm	7.3 g	Brass-plated copper center in a nickel ring	Plain	Center of Islamic Civilization (Islom Sivilzatsiyasi Markazi) in Tashkent	National emblem of Uzbekistan, year of minting	2022			Current
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BanknotesEdit

The second and current series, issued by the Central Bank of the Republic of Uzbekistan, was released in 1994 in denominations of 1, 3, 5, 10, 25, 50, and 100 sum. A 200 sum banknote was issued in 1997, the 500 sum in 1999, the 1,000 sum in 2001, the 5,000 sum in 2013, the 10,000 sum on 10 March 2017, the 50,000 sum on 22 August 2017 and the 100,000 sum on 25 February 2019. The latter four denominations feature inscriptions in Latin-based Uzbek as opposed to Uzbek Cyrillic in banknotes of 1 to 1,000 Uzbek sum. On 14 June 2021, the Central Bank of the Republic of Uzbekistan issued the 2,000 and 20,000 sum banknotes to help bridge the gap between 1,000 and 5,000 sum as well as 10,000 and 50,000 sum. On 18 June 2021, the Central Bank of the Republic of Uzbekistan issued new 5,000 and 10,000 sum banknotes, utilizing the design templates of the 2,000 and 20,000 sum banknotes. In that same year, the Central Bank of the Republic of Uzbekistan issued new 50,000 and 100,000 sum banknotes as part of a new series of banknotes first introduced with the 2,000 and 20,000 sum banknotes. An entirely new 200,000 sum banknote was issued on 15 July 2022.

Image		Value	Main Colour	Description		Date of printing	Date of first issue	withdrawal
1994-2019 Series<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1\|citation									CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Obverse	Reverse	Value	Main Colour	Obverse	Reverse	Date of printing	Date of first issue	withdrawal
File:UZS1 1994 front.jpg	File:UZS1 1994 back.jpg	1 sum	Green and pink	National emblem of Uzbekistan	Alisher Navoi Opera and Ballet Theater in Tashkent	1994	1 July 1994	1 March 2020<ref name=":0"/>
File:UZS3 1994 front.jpg	File:UZS3 1994 back.jpg	3 sum	Red	National emblem of Uzbekistan	Chashma-Ayub Mausoleum in Bukhara
File:UZS5 1994 front.jpg	File:UZS5 1994 back.jpg	5 sum	Blue and orange	National emblem of Uzbekistan and Islamic pattern	Alisher Navoi Monument in Tashkent
File:UZS10 1994 front.jpg	File:UZS10 1994 back.jpg	10 sum	Purple		Gur-e Amir in Samarkand
File:UZS25 1994 front.jpg	File:UZS25 1994 back.jpg	25 sum	Blue and pink		Shah-i-Zinda Complex in Samarkand
File:UZS50 1994 front.jpg	File:UZS50 1994 back.jpg	50 sum	Brown		The three Madrasahs of the Registan in Samarkand			1 July 2019<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1\|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
File:UZS100 1994 front.jpg	File:UZS100 1994 back.jpg	100 sum	Purple		Palace of Friendship of Peoples in Tashkent			1 July 2019<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1\|citation
File:UZS200 1997 front.jpg	File:UzbekistanP80-200sum-1997-donatedoy b.jpg	200 sum	Green	National emblem of Uzbekistan	Detail of a tiger mosaiс (Shir o Khorshid) on the Sherdor Madrasah at the Registan in Samarkand	1997	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	1 July 2020<ref name=":0"/>
File:UZS500 1999 front.jpg	File:UzbekistanP81-500sum-1999-donatedoy b.jpg	500 sum	Red and some green		Statue of Amir Temur (Tamerlane) in Tashkent	1999	1 June 2000<ref name="Узбекскому суму исполнилось 20 лет"/>		1 July 2020<ref name=":0"/>
File:UZS1000 2001 front.jpg	File:UZS1000 2001 back.jpg	1,000 sum	Grey		Amir Timur Museum in Tashkent	2001	1 September 2001<ref name="Узбекскому суму исполнилось 20 лет"/>	Current
File:UZS5000 2013 front.jpg	File:UZS5000 2013 rear.jpg	5,000 sum	Green		National Assembly (Oliy Majlis) in Tashkent	2013	1 July 2013
File:GerbFace.jpg	File:10000 soms of Uzbekistan (2017) reverse.jpg	10,000 sum	Blue		Senate (Senat) in Tashkent	2017	10 March 2017
File:Avers 50 000.jpg	File:Revers 50 000.jpg	50,000 sum	Violet	National emblem of Uzbekistan; top of the “Ezgulik” ark in Independence Square in Tashkent	Palace of Conventions (Anjumanlar Saroyi) in Tashkent	2017	22 August 2017
File:100 000 SUM FRONT.png	File:100 000 SUM REVERS.png	100,000 sum	Orange and light brown	National emblem of Uzbekistan; Mirzo Ulugbek; solar system	Mirzo Ulugbek Observatory in Samarkand; map of Uzbekistan	2019	25 February 2019
Template:Standard banknote table notice

2021–2022 series
Image		Value	Dimensions	Main colour		Description			Date of		Template:Abbr
Obverse	Reverse	Value	Dimensions	Main colour		Obverse	Reverse	Watermark	printing	issue	Template:Abbr
File:2000 SUM AVERS.jpg	File:2000 SUM REVERS.jpg	2,000 sum	142 × 69 mm		Red	Bukhara Arch, caravan routes on map of Uzbekistan, Honatlas textile patterns, National emblem of Uzbekistan	Varahsha ruins of the ancient caravan route Poykend, clay pot and artifact, camel	Camel and "2000"	2021	14 June 2021	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
File:5000 SUM AVERS.jpg	File:5000 SUM REVERS.jpg	5,000 sum	142 × 69 mm		Green	Sherdor madrasasi in Samarkand, National emblem of Uzbekistan	Archaeological Monuments of Afrosiyob belonging to the 8th-5th centuries BC, Archeological find of a 10th-century pottery jug and an embossed ceramic bowl found in the ruins of Afrosiyob	Camel and "5000"	2021	20 August 2021	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
File:10000 SUM AVERS.jpg	File:10000 SUM REVERS.jpg	10,000 sum	147 × 69 mm		Blue	Great Silk Road, Architectural monument Kokaldosh madrasasi in Tashkent, National emblem of Uzbekistan	Oldest monument in the territory of Tashkent, which dates back to the 1st century BC - Shoshtepa archaeological monument, Ancient ceramics of Tashkent, pottery of 10th-12th century, and household utensils of the 10th century	Camel and "10000"	2021	20 August 2021	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
File:20000 front.jpg	File:20000 revers.jpg	20,000 sum	147 × 69 mm		Indigo	Koi Krylgan Kala archeology site, caravan routes on map of Uzbekistan, textile patterns, National emblem of Uzbekistan	6th-century pottery from Aral and Caspian Seas, embroidery design	Camel and "20000"	2021	14 June 2021	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
File:50 000 sum new front.jpg	File:50 000 sum new rear.jpg	50,000 sum	147 × 69 mm		Purple	Al-Hakim At-Termiziy Maqbarasi in Surxondaryo, caravan routes on map of Uzbekistan, National emblem of Uzbekistan	Fayoztepa Arxeologiya Yodgorligi ancient archaeological monument in Surxondaryo, flying dove, 17th-century pottery from Sopollitepa	Camel and "50000"	2021	22 December 2021	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
File:100 000 sum new front.jpg	File:100 000 sum new rear.jpg	100,000 sum	152 × 69 mm		Orange	Ichan Qal’a museum in Khiva, Khorezm, caravan routes on map of Uzbekistan, National emblem of Uzbekistan	Angkaqal’a Archeologiya Yodgorligi fortress in Khorezm, 1st-century BC silver coin, 10th-century pottery from Khorezm	Camel and "100000"	2021	22 December 2021	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
File:200 000 sum new front.jpg	File:200 000 sum new rear.jpg	200,000 sum	152 × 69 mm		Cyan	Xudoyorxon O’rdasi (Khan’s Palace) in Kokand, Fergana, caravan routes on map of Uzbekistan, National emblem of Uzbekistan	Axsikent Arxeologiya Yodgorligi (ancient archaeoloical monument) in ancient Fergana, pomegranate, double-headed snake and ceramic bowl	Camel and "200000"	2022	15 July 2022	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
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Exchange ratesEdit

At its introduction on 1 July 1994, 1 US dollar was equal to 25 sum.

2017 reformEdit

On 2 September 2017, President of Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoyev issued a decree "On priority measures of liberalizing foreign exchange policy".<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The reform took effect on 5 September 2017. The currency was untethered from its US dollar peg and started to float. As a result the sum's exchange rate to the US dollar increased from 4,210 Uzbek sum to 8,100 Uzbek sum. The new rate was even weaker than the sum's black-market convertibility of about 7,700 to the dollar. Restrictions on the amount of foreign currencies individuals and companies could buy were also abolished on the same day.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

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