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Voiced alveolar affricate

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A voiced alveolar affricate is a type of affricate consonant pronounced with the tip or blade of the tongue against the alveolar ridge (gum line) just behind the teeth. This refers to a class of sounds, not a single sound. There are several types with significant perceptual differences:

Voiced alveolar sibilant affricateEdit

Template:Redirect Template:Infobox IPA The voiced alveolar sibilant affricate is a type of consonantal sound used in some spoken languages. The sound is transcribed in the International Phonetic Alphabet with Template:Angbr IPA or Template:Angbr IPA (formerly Template:Angbr IPA or Template:Angbr IPA).

FeaturesEdit

Features of the voiced alveolar sibilant affricate:

Template:Sibilant affricate

  • The stop component of this affricate is laminal alveolar, which means it is articulated with the blade of the tongue at the alveolar ridge. For simplicity, this affricate is usually called after the sibilant fricative component.
  • There are at least three specific variants of the fricative component:

Template:Voiced Template:Central articulation Template:Pulmonic

OccurrenceEdit

The following sections are named after the fricative component.

Dentalized laminal alveolarEdit

Language Word IPA Meaning Notes
Armenian Eastern<ref>Template:Harvcoltxt</ref> lang}}/dzuk Template:Audio-IPA 'fish'
Belarusian<ref>Template:Harvcoltxt</ref> lang}}/{{#invoke:Lang|lang}} main}} 'paintbrush' Contrasts with palatalized form. See Belarusian phonology
Czech<ref>Template:Harvcoltxt</ref> lang}} main}} 'an Afghan was' main}} before voiced consonants. See Czech phonology
Hungarian<ref>Template:Harvcoltxt</ref> lang}} main}} 'elderberry' See Hungarian phonology
Japanese 残念/zan'nen [d͡zã̠nːẽ̞ɴ] 'regretful' See Japanese phonology
Kashubian<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref> || {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} || {{#invoke:IPA|main}} || 'where' ||

Latvian<ref>Template:Harvcoltxt</ref> lang}} main}} 'fever' See Latvian phonology
Macedonian<ref>Template:Harvcoltxt</ref> lang}}/{{#invoke:Lang|lang}} main}} 'star' See Macedonian phonology
Montenegrin<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref> || {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} || {{#invoke:IPA|main}} || 'jujube' || See Montenegrin phonology

Pashto lang}} main}} 'youth' 'young' See Pashto phonology
Polish<ref>Template:Harvcoltxt</ref> lang}} Template:Audio-IPA 'bell' See Polish phonology
Russian<ref>Template:Harvcoltxt</ref> lang}}/{{#invoke:Lang|lang}} main}} 'bridgehead' main}} before voiced consonants. See Russian phonology
Serbo-Croatian<ref name="Landau67">Template:Harvcoltxt</ref> lang}} main}} 'father would' main}} before voiced consonants.<ref name="Landau67"/> See Serbo-Croatian phonology
Slovak medzi [med͡zi] 'between' See Slovak phonology
Slovene<ref>Template:Harvcoltxt</ref> lang}} main}} 'barber shaves' main}} before voiced consonants in native words. As a phoneme present only in loanwords. See Slovene phonology
Tyap lang}} main}} 'buffalo'
Ukrainian<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> lang}} Template:Transliteration main}} 'bell' Contrasts with palatalized form. See Ukrainian phonology
Upper Sorbian<ref name="sewc">Template:Harvcoltxt</ref> Template:Example needed main}} before voiced consonants.<ref name="sewc"/>

Non-retracted alveolarEdit

Language Word IPA Meaning Notes
Arabic NajdiTemplate:Sfnp قـليب/dzilīb main}} 'well' main}}, {{#invoke:IPA|main}}, or {{#invoke:IPA|main}} in other dialects.
English Broad CockneyTemplate:Sfnp day main}} 'day' Possible word-initial, intervocalic and word-final allophone of {{#invoke:IPA|main}}.Template:SfnpTemplate:Sfnp See English phonology
Received PronunciationTemplate:Sfnp {{#invoke:IPA|main}}
New YorkTemplate:Sfnp main}}.Template:Sfnp See English phonology
ScouseTemplate:Sfnp main}}.Template:Sfnp See English phonology
French Quebec du main}} 'of the' main}} before {{#invoke:IPA|main}}.
Georgian<ref>Template:Harvcoltxt</ref> lang}}/dzvali main}} 'bone'
LuxembourgishTemplate:Sfnp lang}} main}} 'to go for a walk' Marginal phoneme that occurs only in a few words.Template:Sfnp See Luxembourgish phonology
Marathi जोर/dzor main}} 'force' Contrasts aspirated and unaspirated versions. The unaspirated is represented by ज, which also represents [d͡ʒ]. The aspirated sound is represented by झ, which also represents [d͡ʒʱ]. There is no marked difference for either one.
Ollari jōnel main}} 'maize'
Nepali lang}}/ādza main}} 'today' Contrasts aspirated and unaspirated versions. The unaspirated is represented by /ज/. The aspirated sound is represented by /झ/. See Nepali phonology
Naiki jūrol main}} 'cricket'
Portuguese European<ref name="rio grande">Template:In lang Palatalization of dental occlusives /t/ and /d/ in the bilingual communities of Taquara and Panambi, RS – Alice Telles de Paula Page 14</ref> lang}} main}} 'challenge' Allophone of Template:IPAslink before {{#invoke:IPA|main}}, or assimilation due to the deletion of {{#invoke:IPA|main}}. Increasingly used in Brazil.<ref name="camila">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

Brazilian<ref name="rio grande"/><ref name="camila"/> lang}} main}} 'learning'
Many speakers lang}} main}} 'mezzo-soprano' Marginal sound. Some might instead use spelling pronunciations.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref> See Portuguese phonology

Romanian Moldavian dialectsTemplate:Sfnp lang}} main}} 'say' Corresponds to Template:IPAblink in standard Romanian. See Romanian phonology
Telugu lang}}/dzata main}} 'pair, set'
Teochew Swatow lang}}/jitpun main}} 'Japan'
Toda lang}} main}} 'five'

Retracted alveolarEdit

Language Word IPA Meaning Notes
Catalan<ref>Template:Harvcoltxt</ref> lang}} main}} 'twelve' Apical. See Catalan phonology
Occitan Gascon {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} {{#invoke:IPA|main}} 'message' Laminal in other dialects. Varies with Template:IPAblink in some words.
Languedocien
Piedmontese lang}} main}} 'goodbye'
Sardinian Central dialects lang}} main}} 'lunch'

VariableEdit

Language Word IPA Meaning Notes
GreekTemplate:Sfnp lang}} main}} 'fireplace' Varies between retracted and non-retracted, depending on the environment. Phonemically, it is a stop–fricative sequence.Template:Sfnp See Modern Greek phonology
ItalianTemplate:Sfnp lang}} main}} 'zero' The fricative component varies between dentalized laminal and non-retracted apical. In the latter case, the stop component is laminal denti-alveolar.Template:Sfnp See Italian phonology
Montenegrin lang}} main}} 'haystack' Varies between dentalized laminal and sibilant affricate. See Montenegrin phonology
West FrisianTemplate:Sfnp lang}} main}} 'shake' Laminal; varies between retracted and non-retracted.Template:Sfnp Phonemically, it is a stop–fricative sequence. The example word also illustrates Template:IPAblink. See West Frisian phonology

Voiced alveolar non-sibilant affricateEdit

Template:Infobox IPA

FeaturesEdit

Template:Affricate Template:Alveolar Template:Voiced Template:Oral Template:Central articulation Template:Pulmonic

OccurrenceEdit

Language Word IPA Meaning Notes
Dutch Orsmaal-Gussenhoven dialectTemplate:Sfnp Template:Fix main}}.Template:Sfnp
English General AmericanTemplate:Sfnp dream {{#invoke:IPA|main}} 'dream' Phonetic realization of the stressed, syllable-initial sequence {{#invoke:IPA|main}}; more commonly postalveolar Template:IPAblink.Template:Sfnp See English phonology
Received PronunciationTemplate:Sfnp
Italian SicilyTemplate:Sfnp lang}} main}} 'the Adriatic Sea' main}}, and can be realized as the sequence {{#invoke:IPA|main}} instead.Template:Sfnp See Italian phonology

See alsoEdit

NotesEdit

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ReferencesEdit

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External linksEdit

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