Woleai
Template:Short description Template:Redirect Template:Infobox islands Woleai (Template:Langx<ref>Template:Cite encyclopedia</ref>), also known as Oleai,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> is a coral atoll of 22 islands in the western Caroline Islands in the Pacific Ocean, forming a legislative district in the Yap State in the Federated States of Micronesia, and located approximately Template:Convert west-northwest of Ifalik and Template:Convert northeast of Eauripik. Woleai is also the name of the largest of the islets constituting the atoll, lying to the northeast.
The population of the atoll was 1,081 in 2000,<ref>Yap State Census Report, 2000 (PDF)</ref> on an area of 4.5 km2.
GeographyEdit
The islands constitute a double atoll forming the number eight, with a total length of Template:Convert and up to Template:Convert wide; however, most of reef on the southern rim is submerged or poorly developed. The northern and eastern rims have several relatively large islets. The western lagoon is deeper and larger than its eastern counterpart. Both components are part of the same seamount. The total land area for both components combined is only Template:Convert.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
HistoryEdit
The Austronesian ancestors of the Micronesians who make up the indigenous population of the Caroline Islands arrived in the islands Template:Circa. Woleai subsequently became culturally unique among the Caroline Islands because of a script in use among some speakers of the Woleaian language prior to 1913. Woleai was among islands to the southeast of Yap that became tributaries of the Yapese Empire from about 1500 CE.
Woleai came under the control of the Spanish Empire in 1686, governed along with the rest of the Caroline Islands as part of the Spanish East Indies. Spain sold the islands to the German Empire in 1899. In 1914, in the early weeks of World War I, the Empire of Japan seized German possessions in the Pacific, including Woleai. Assigned a League of Nations mandate to administer the islands after the war in accordance with the Treaty of Versailles of 1919, Japan subsequently administered Woleai under the South Seas Mandate.
In 1944, as Allied forces closed in on the Mariana Islands during World War II, a contingent of 6,426 troops from the Imperial Japanese Army's 50th Independent Mixed Brigade and the Imperial Japanese Navy's 44th Base Guard Unit and 216th Base Construction Unit heavily fortified Woleai. They completely leveled Wolfe Islet and made it into an airfield with a single Template:Convert runway and Template:Convert taxiway. They also constructed a seaplane anchorage off the southwest corner of Woleai Islet and established a weather station on Mariaon island to the west. Allied aircraft bombed the atoll and its military facilities on numerous occasions until the middle of 1945, driving its defenders underground and isolating them from supplies or reinforcements. By the surrender of Japan on September 2, 1945, only 1,650 survivors remained of the initial 6,426-strong Japanese garrison, the rest having perished largely because of starvation and disease rather than directly in Allied air raids. The United States Navy destroyer escort Template:USS picked up the surviving Japanese on September 17, 1945.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Following World War II, the atoll came under the control of the United States. The United States administered Woleai as part of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, a United Nations trust territory, from 1947 until 1979, when Woleai became part of the independent Federated States of Micronesia.
EducationEdit
Public school:<ref name=FSMschools>"Higher Education in the Federated States of Micronesia Template:Webarchive." Embassy of the Federated States of Micronesia Washington DC. Retrieved on February 23, 2018.</ref>
TransportationEdit
Woleai Civil Airfield, administered by the Federated States of Micronesia Division of Civil Aviation is located at an altitude of Template:Convert on Falalap at Template:Coord, Template:Convert southeast of Yap International Airport and Template:Convert northeast of the main settlements on the island.<ref name=tci>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name=DLCA>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The Template:Convert runway has not been maintained since 1992, and the airfield has closed due to severe deterioration of the runway and the government's decision not to perform repairs.<ref name=tci/><ref name=DLCA/> The runway is now covered with vegetation.<ref>Woleai Civil Airfieldtci.gov.fm</ref> Before the airfield closed, Caroline Islands Air provided chartered flights to it.<ref>JP airline-fleets international, Edition 1999/2000</ref> The runway was built by the Empire of Japan during World War II. After the war it was shortly US Naval Base Woleai, Fleet Post Office #3246.<ref>Woleaipacificwrecks.com</ref>
See alsoEdit
ReferencesEdit
- Columbia Gazetteer of the World. Vol. 1, p. 900
- Skog, Captain Peter (2019). A Unique Live at Sea. Bloomington, IN: AuthorHouse UK. Template:ISBN.