Yggdrasil Linux/GNU/X
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Yggdrasil Linux/GNU/X, or LGX (pronounced igg-drah-sill), is an early Linux distribution developed by Yggdrasil Computing, Incorporated, a company founded by Adam J. Richter in Berkeley, California.
Yggdrasil was the first company to create a live CD Linux distribution.<ref name="groklaw">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Yggdrasil Linux described itself as a "Plug-and-Play" Linux distribution, automatically configuring itself for the hardware.
Yggdrasil is the World Tree of Norse mythology. The name was chosen because Yggdrasil took disparate pieces of software and assembled them into a complete product. Yggdrasil's company motto was "Free Software For The Rest of Us".<ref name="sanjose"/>
Yggdrasil is compliant with the Unix Filesystem Hierarchy Standard.<ref name="review">Linux SIG - Yggdrasil's Plug and Play Linux</ref>
History and releasesEdit
Yggdrasil announced their ‘bootable Linux/GNU/X-based UNIX(R) clone for PC compatibles’<ref name="96ibiblio" /> on 25 November 1992<ref name="announce">Template:Cite mailing list</ref> and made the first release on 8 December 1992.<ref name="groklaw" /> This alpha release contained the 0.98.1 version of the Linux kernel, the v11r5 version of the X Window System supporting up to 1024x768 with 256 colours, various GNU utilities such as their C/C++ compiler, the GNU Debugger, bison, flex, and make, TeX, groff, Ghostscript, the elvis and Emacs editors, and various other software. Yggdrasil's alpha release required a 386 computer with 8 MB RAM and 100 MB hard disk.<ref name="announce"/> The alpha release was missing some of the source code of some of the packages, such as elvis.<ref name="announce2">Template:Cite mailing list</ref>
A beta release was made on 18 February 1993.<ref name="96ibiblio">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="distrowatch">DistroWatch.com: Put the fun back into computing. Use Linux, BSD</ref> The beta's cost was US$60. LGX's beta release in 1993 contained the 0.99.5 version of the Linux kernel, along with other software from GNU and X.<ref name="distrowatch"/> By 22 August 1993, the Yggdrasil company had sold over 3100 copies of the LGX beta distribution.<ref name="usenet">Template:Cite mailing list</ref>
The production release version carried a pricetag of US$99.<ref name="groklaw"/> However, Yggdrasil was offered for free to any developer whose software was included with the CD distribution.<ref name="offer">Template:Cite mailing list</ref> According to an email from the company's founder the marginal cost of each subscription was $35.70.<ref name="cost">Template:Cite mailing list</ref>
Early Yggdrasil releases were also available from stores selling CD-ROM software.<ref name="store">Archaeology</ref>
Yggdrasil Computing, IncorporatedEdit
Adam J. Richter started the Yggdrasil company together with Bill Selmeier. Richter spoke to Michael Tiemann about setting up a business, but was not interested in joining forces with Cygnus.<ref name="groklaw"/>
Richter was a member of League for Programming Freedom.<ref name="announce2" /> Richter was using only a 200 MB hard disk when building the alpha release of LGX, which prevented him from practically being able to include the source code of some of the packages contained in the CDROM.<ref name="announce2"/>
Yggdrasil Incorporated published some of the early Linux compilation books, such as The Linux Bible: The GNU Testament (Template:ISBN), and contributed significantly to file system and X Window System functionality of Linux in the early days of their operation.
The company moved to San Jose, California in 1996.<ref name="sanjose">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In 1996, Yggdrasil Incorporated released the Winter 1996 edition of Linux Internet Archives; six CDs of Linux software from Tsx-11 and Sunsite, the GNU archive on prep.ai.mit.edu, the X11R6 archives including the free contributed X11R6 software from ftp.x.org, the Internet RFC standards, and a total of nine non-Yggdrasil Linux distributions.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
The company remained active until at least year 2000, when it released the Linux Open Source DVD, but its website was taken offline afterwards and the company has not released anything since.<ref name="distrowatch"/>
The company's last corporate filing was in January 2004.<ref name=CalSOS>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The California Secretary of State lists it as suspended.<ref name=CalSOS/>
The company once made an offer to donate 60% of the Yggdrasil CDROM sales revenues to the Computer Systems Research Group, but founder Adam J. Richter later indicated that the company would lose too much money and changed the offer accordingly, while still maintaining donations to CSRG.<ref name="csrg">*BSD News Article 1861</ref>
The company also had volume discount plans.<ref name="discounts">Template:Cite mailing list</ref>
See alsoEdit
- Arena, a web browser once developed by Yggdrasil Computing
- MCC Interim Linux