Editing Antipope Nicholas V (section)

{{Short description|13/14th-century Italian preacher; claimant to the papacy from 1328 to 1330}}
{{distinguish|Pope Nicholas V}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2021}}
{{Infobox Christian leader
| type = Antipope
| elected = 12 May 1328
| term_end = 25 July 1330
| term_start = 12 May 1328
| name = Nicholas V
| consecration = 12 May 1328
| consecrated_by = the then-[[Bishop of Venice]]
| death_date = 16 October 1333
| birth_date = {{circa|1258}}
| birth_place = [[Corvaro]], [[Lazio]], [[Italy]]
| death_place = [[Palais des Papes]], [[Avignon]], [[France]]
| birth_name = Pietro Rainalducci
| image = Antipope-Nicholas V.jpg
| caption = Antipope Nicholas V crowns [[Louis IV the Bavarian]]; 12 May 1328
| honorific_prefix = [[Antipope]]
| opposed = [[Pope John XXII]]
}}

'''Nicholas V''', born '''Pietro Rainalducci''' (c. 1258{{snd}}16 October 1333)<ref>Amedeo De Vincentiis, [http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/antipapa-niccolo-v_(Dizionario-Biografico)/ "Niccolò V, antipapa,"] ''Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani'' Volume 78 (2013). Treccani editore. {{in lang|it}}</ref> was an [[antipope]] in [[Italy]] from 12 May 1328 to 25 July 1330 during the [[pontificate]] of [[Pope John XXII]] (1316–1334) at [[Avignon]]. He was the last antipope set up by a [[Holy Roman Emperor]].

Rainalducci was born at [[Corvaro]], an ancient stronghold near [[Rieti]] in [[Lazio]]. He joined the [[Franciscan]] order after separating from his wife in 1310, and became famous as a [[preacher]].<ref name="EB1911">{{EB1911|inline=y|wstitle=Nicholas (popes)|display=Nicholas s.v. Nicholas V. (Pietro Rainalducci)|volume=19|page=651}}</ref>

He was elected through the influence of the [[excommunication|excommunicated]] Holy Roman Emperor, [[Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor|Louis the Bavarian]], by an assembly of [[priest]]s and [[Laity|laymen]], and consecrated at [[Old St. Peter's Basilica]], [[Rome]], on 12 May 1328 by the bishop of [[Venice]].<ref name="EB1911"/>

[[File:Antipope Nicholas V in Hell.jpg|thumb|upright|left|Nicholas V in Hell, from the [[Camposanto Monumentale di Pisa]]]]

After spending four months in Rome, he withdrew with Louis IV to [[Viterbo]],<ref name="EB1911"/> but in December 1328 the [[papal legate]] [[Giovanni Gaetano Orsini (died 1335)|Cardinal Orsini]] began a campaign against Viterbo and [[Tarquinia|Corneto]].<ref>Salvador Miranda, ''The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church'', [http://www2.fiu.edu/~mirandas/bios1316.htm#Orsini ORSINI, Giovanni Gaetano (c. 1285–1335)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171015025159/http://www2.fiu.edu/~mirandas/bios1316.htm#Orsini |date=15 October 2017 }}, Retrieved 5 December 2010.</ref> Nicholas moved on to [[Grosseto]] and then to [[Pisa]], where he was guarded by the imperial [[vicar]]. On 19 February 1329, Nicholas V presided at a ceremony in the [[Piazza dei Miracoli|Duomo of Pisa]], at which a straw puppet representing [[Pope John XXII]] and dressed in pontifical robes was formally condemned, degraded, and handed over to the secular arm (to be "executed").

Nicholas V was excommunicated by [[Pope John XXII]] in April 1329, and sought refuge with Count [[Boniface of Donoratico]] near [[Piombino]]. Having obtained assurance of pardon, he presented a confession of his sins first to the [[archbishop of Pisa]], and then at [[Avignon]] on 25 August 1330, to John XXII, who absolved him.<ref name="EB1911"/>

He remained in honourable imprisonment in the [[Palais des Papes|papal palace, Avignon]] until his death in October 1333.<ref name="EB1911"/> Despite this reconciliation, memories of him were highly negative in the later 1330s. In a monumental fresco by [[Buonamico Buffalmacco]] in the [[Camposanto Monumentale di Pisa]], Nicholas V is depicted in Hell being dismembered and eaten by demons. The inscription describes him as a "friend of [[Muhammad]]", who is shown being tortured at his feet.<ref>J. Polzer (1964), "Aristotle, Mohammed and Nicholas V in Hell", ''The Art Bulletin'' '''46'''(4): 457–469. {{doi|10.1080/00043079.1964.10788789}}</ref>