Editing Canopus (section)

{{short description|Brightest star in the constellation of Carina}}
{{Other uses}}
{{Starbox begin
 | name=Canopus
}}
{{Starbox image
 | image=[[File:Canopus.jpg|255px]]
 | caption=An image of Canopus by [[Expedition 6]]
}}
{{Starbox observe
 | epoch=J2000
 | constell=[[Carina (constellation)|Carina]]
 | pronounce={{IPAc-en|k|ə|ˈ|n|oʊ|p|ə|s}}<ref>{{OED|Canopus}}</ref>
 | ra={{RA|06|23|57.10988}}<ref name="van Leeuwen2007">{{cite journal | title=Validation of the new Hipparcos reduction | last1=van Leeuwen | first1=F. | journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics | volume=474 | issue=2 | pages=653–664 | date=2007 | arxiv=0708.1752 | bibcode=2007A&A...474..653V | doi=10.1051/0004-6361:20078357 | s2cid=18759600 }} [http://webviz.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-5?-ref=VIZ53e6b48255b3&-out.add=.&-source=I/311/hip2&recno=30362 Vizier catalog entry ]</ref>
 | dec={{DEC|-52|41|44.3810}}<ref name="van Leeuwen2007"/>
 | appmag_v=−0.74<ref name="Ducati 2002">{{cite journal | title=Catalogue of Stellar Photometry in Johnson's 11-color system | last1=Ducati | first1=J. R. | journal=CDS/ADC Collection of Electronic Catalogues | volume=2237 | pages=0 | date=2002 | bibcode=2002yCat.2237....0D }} [http://vizier.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-5?-ref=VIZ53e6b360304a&-out.add=.&-source=II/237/colors&recno=1155 Vizier catalog entry ]</ref>
}}
{{Starbox character
 | type=[[Blue loop]]
 | class=A9&nbsp;II<ref name=perkins>{{cite journal |bibcode=1989ApJS...69..301G |title=The early F-type stars – Refined classification, confrontation with Stromgren photometry, and the effects of rotation |journal=Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series |volume=69 |pages=301 |last1=Gray |first1=R. O. |last2=Garrison |first2=R. F. |year=1989 |doi=10.1086/191315}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |bibcode=1993ASPC...45...59L |title=A Spectroscopic Study of High Galactic Latitude F Supergiant Stars |journal=Luminous High-Latitude Stars. The International Workshop on Luminous High-Latitude Stars |volume=45 |pages=59 |last1=Lopez-Cruz |first1=O. |last2=Garrison |first2=R. F. |year=1993}}</ref>
 | b-v=+0.15<ref name="Ducati 2002"/>
 | u-b=+0.10<ref name="Ducati 2002"/>
 | variable=
}}
{{Starbox astrometry
 | radial_v={{val|20.3|0.5}}<ref name="Gontcharov 2007">{{cite journal | title=Pullkovo Compilation of Radial Velocities for 39495 Hipparcos stars in a common system | last1=Gontcharov | first1=G. A. | journal=Astronomy Letters | volume=32 | issue=1 | pages=759–771 | date=2007 | bibcode=2006AstL...32..759G | doi=10.1134/S1063773706110065|arxiv = 1606.08053 | s2cid=119231169 }} [http://vizier.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-5?-ref=VIZ53e6b5f60fbd&-out.add=.&-source=III/252/table8&recno=9232 Vizier catalog entry ]</ref>
 | prop_mo_ra=19.93<ref name="van Leeuwen2007"/>
 | prop_mo_dec=23.24<ref name="van Leeuwen2007"/>
 | parallax=10.55
 | p_error=0.56
 | parallax_footnote=<ref name="van Leeuwen2007"/>
 | absmag_v=−5.71<ref name=smiljanic2006/>
|arxiv = 1606.08053 }}
{{Starbox detail
 | metal_fe=−0.07<ref name=smiljanic2006/>
 | mass=9.26–{{val|9.81|1.83}}<ref name=DomicianoDeSouza/>
 | radius=
{{val|73.3|5.2}}<ref name=DomicianoDeSouza>{{cite journal |doi=10.1051/0004-6361/202140478 |title=Refined fundamental parameters of Canopus from combined near-IR interferometry and spectral energy distribution |year=2021 |last1=Domiciano De Souza |first1=A. |last2=Zorec |first2=J. |last3=Millour |first3=F. |last4=Le Bouquin |first4=J.-B. |last5=Spang |first5=A. |last6=Vakili |first6=F. |journal=Astronomy & Astrophysics |volume=654 |pages=A19 |arxiv=2109.07153 |bibcode=2021A&A...654A..19D |s2cid=237513623}}</ref>
 | gravity={{Val|1.70|0.05}}<ref name=DomicianoDeSouza/>
 | rotational_velocity=9<ref name=ayres2018/>
 | rotation={{val|298|u=days|p=≥}}<ref name=Testa2004/>
 | luminosity={{val|16600|700|680|fmt=commas}}<ref name=DomicianoDeSouza/>
 | temperature=7,400<ref name=ayres2018>{{cite journal |bibcode=2018ApJ...854...95A |title=Cracking the Conundrum of F-supergiant Coronae |last1=Ayres |first1=Thomas R. |journal=The Astrophysical Journal |year=2018 |volume=854 |issue=2 |page=95 |doi=10.3847/1538-4357/aaa6d7 |arxiv=1802.02552 |s2cid=119101035 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
 | age_myr = 33–34<ref name=DomicianoDeSouza/>
}}
{{Starbox catalog
 | names={{odlist | name=Suhayl | name2=Suhel | name3=Suhail | B=α Carinae | CPD=−52°1941 | FK5=245 | HD=45348 | HIP=30438 | HR=2326 | SAO=234480| GC=8302 }}<ref name=SIMBAD>{{cite simbad | title=alf Car | access-date=2019-03-09 }}</ref>
}}
{{Starbox reference
 | Simbad=canopus
}}
{{Starbox end}}

'''Canopus''' is the brightest star in the southern [[constellation]] of [[Carina (constellation)|Carina]] and the [[list of brightest stars|second-brightest star]] in the [[night sky]]. It is also [[Bayer designation|designated]] '''α&nbsp;Carinae''', which is [[Romanization|romanized]] ([[Transliteration|transliterated]]) to '''Alpha&nbsp;Carinae'''. With a [[visual apparent magnitude]] of −0.74, it is outshone only by [[Sirius]].

Located around {{val|310|ul=light-years}} from the [[Sun]], Canopus is a [[bright giant]] of [[spectral type A9]], so it is essentially white when seen with the naked eye. It has a luminosity over 10,000 times the [[luminosity of the Sun]], is nine to ten times as [[mass of the Sun|massive]], and has expanded to 71 times the [[Sun's radius]].  Its enlarged [[photosphere]] has an [[effective temperature]] of around {{val|7400|u=K}}.  Canopus is undergoing [[stellar core|core]] [[helium fusion|helium burning]] and is currently in the so-called [[blue loop]] phase of its [[stellar evolution|evolution]], having already passed through the [[red-giant branch]] after exhausting the hydrogen in its core. Canopus is a [[X-ray astronomy|source of X-rays]], which are likely being emitted from its [[stellar corona|corona]].

The prominent appearance of Canopus means it has been the subject of mythological lore among many ancient peoples. Its proper name is generally considered to originate from the [[Greek mythology|mythological]] [[Canopus (mythology)|Canopus]], who was a navigator for [[Menelaus]], king of [[Sparta]]. The [[heliacal rising#Acronycal and cosmic(al)|acronycal rising]] marked the date of the Ptolemaia festival in Egypt. In ancient India, it was named [[Agastya]] after the revered [[Vedas|Vedic]] sage. For Chinese astronomers, it was known as the [[Old Man of the South Pole]]. In [[Islamic astronomy]], it is Suhail or Suhayl, a name that is also commonly used to imply rareness of appearance (as Canopus infrequently appeared to a gazer at Middle Eastern latitutes)