Editing Linguolabial consonant (section)

{{Use American English|date = February 2019}}
{{Short description|Consonant produced with tongue against the upper lip}}
{{Infobox IPA
| above = Linguolabial
| ipa symbol   = ◌̼
}}

'''Linguolabials''' or '''apicolabials'''<ref>The term ''apicolabial'' is older, but Ladefoged and Maddieson point out that often these sounds are not apical.</ref> are [[consonant]]s [[place of articulation|articulated]] by placing the tongue tip or blade against the upper lip, which is drawn downward to meet the tongue. They represent one extreme of a coronal articulatory continuum which extends from linguolabial to [[retroflex consonant|subapical palatal]] places of articulation. Cross-linguistically, linguolabial consonants are very rare. They are found in a cluster of languages in [[Vanuatu]], in the Kajoko dialect of [[Bijago language|Bijago]] in Guinea-Bissau, in [[Umotína language|Umotína]] (a recently extinct [[Bororoan languages|Bororoan language]] of [[Brazil]]), and as [[Paralanguage|paralinguistic]] sounds elsewhere. They are also relatively common in [[disordered speech]], and the diacritic is specifically provided for in the [[extensions to the IPA]].

Linguolabial consonants are transcribed in the [[International Phonetic Alphabet]] by adding the "seagull"{{sfnp|Olson|Reiman|Sabio|da Silva|2009|p=521}} diacritic, {{unichar|033C|COMBINING SEAGULL BELOW|ulink=Phonetic symbols in Unicode|cwith=◌|size=200%}}, to the corresponding [[alveolar consonant]], or with the [[apical consonant|apical]] diacritic, {{unichar|033A|COMBINING INVERTED BRIDGE BELOW|ulink=Phonetic symbols in Unicode|cwith=◌|size=200%}}, on the corresponding [[bilabial consonant]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Pullum |first1=Geoffrey K. |last2=Ladusaw |first2=William A. |edition=2nd |title=[[Phonetic Symbol Guide]] |year=1996 |page=256 |isbn=9780226685366}} They note that the apical diacritic was added to the IPA after the linguolabial diacritic, and would have made the latter unnecessary. An example of such usage in an IPA publication is in A. Haudricourt (1968) de lɑ̃ːg melanezjɛn a tɔ̃ ɑ̃ nuvɛl kaledɔni. ''Le Maître Phonétique'', vol. 46 (83), no. 129.</ref>
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