Editing Motion sickness (section)

{{Short description|Nausea caused by motion or perceived motion}}
{{other uses|Motion Sickness (disambiguation)}}
{{Infobox medical condition (new)
| name            = Motion sickness
| synonyms        = Kinetosis, travel sickness, mal de mer, seasickness, [[airsickness]], carsickness, simulation sickness, space motion sickness, [[space adaptation syndrome]]
| image           = Sea-sickness - published by G.S. Tregear, 96 Cheapside (cropped).jpg
| caption         = A drawing of people with seasickness from 1841
| pronounce       =
| field           = [[Neurology]]
| symptoms        = [[Nausea]], [[vomiting]], cold sweat, increased [[salivation]]<ref name=HaleStanney2014/><ref name=Stat2019/>
| complications   = [[Dehydration]], [[electrolyte problems]], [[lower esophageal tear]]<ref name=Stat2019/>
| onset           =
| duration        =
| types           =
| causes          = Real or perceived motion<ref name=HaleStanney2014/><ref name=Stat2019/>
| risks           = [[Pregnancy]], [[migraines]], [[Ménière's disease]]<ref name=Stat2019/>
| diagnosis       = Based on symptoms<ref name=Stat2019/>
| differential    = [[Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo]], [[vestibular migraine]], [[stroke]]<ref name=Stat2019/>
| prevention      = Avoidance of triggers<ref name=Stat2019/>
| treatment       = Behavioral measures, medications<ref name=Gold2016/>
| medication      = [[Hyoscine|Scopolamine]], [[dimenhydrinate]], [[dexamphetamine]]<ref name=Gold2016/>
| prognosis       = Generally resolve within a day<ref name=Stat2019/>
| frequency       = Nearly all people with sufficient motion; roughly one-third highly susceptible<ref name=Gold2016/>
| deaths          =
}}
'''Motion sickness''' occurs due to a difference between actual and expected motion.<ref name=HaleStanney2014/><ref name=Stat2019/><ref name=ReasonBrand1975/> Symptoms commonly include [[nausea]], [[vomiting]], cold sweat, headache, [[dizziness]], tiredness, loss of appetite, and increased [[salivation]].<ref name=HaleStanney2014/><ref name=Hromatka2015>{{cite journal |last1=Hromatka |first1=Bethann S. |last2=Tung |first2=Joyce Y. |last3=Kiefer |first3=Amy K. |last4=Do |first4=Chuong B. |last5=Hinds |first5=David A. |last6=Eriksson |first6=Nicholas |title=Genetic variants associated with motion sickness point to roles for inner ear development, neurological processes and glucose homeostasis |journal=Human Molecular Genetics |date=1 May 2015 |volume=24 |issue=9 |pages=2700–2708 |doi=10.1093/hmg/ddv028 |pmid=25628336 |pmc=4383869 }}</ref> Complications may rarely include [[dehydration]], [[electrolyte problems]], or a [[lower esophageal tear]].<ref name=Stat2019/>

The cause of motion sickness is either real or perceived motion.<ref name=Stat2019/> This may include car travel, air travel, sea travel, [[space adaptation syndrome|space travel]], or [[reality simulation]].<ref name=Stat2019/> Risk factors include [[pregnancy]], [[migraines]], and [[Ménière's disease]].<ref name=Stat2019/> The diagnosis is based on symptoms.<ref name=Stat2019/>

Treatment may include behavioral measures or medications.<ref name=Gold2016/> Behavioral measures include keeping the head still and focusing on the [[horizon]].<ref name=Hemmerich2020/><ref name=Munafo2016/> Three types of medications are useful: [[antimuscarinics]] such as [[Hyoscine|scopolamine]], [[H1 antihistamine|H<sub>1</sub> antihistamines]] such as [[dimenhydrinate]], and [[amphetamines]] such as [[dexamphetamine]].<ref name=Gold2016>{{Cite book|last=Golding|first=J. F.|title=Neuro-Otology |date=2016|chapter=Motion sickness|series=Handbook of Clinical Neurology|volume=137|pages=371–390|doi=10.1016/B978-0-444-63437-5.00027-3|issn=0072-9752|pmid=27638085|isbn=9780444634375}}</ref> Side effects, however, may limit the use of medications.<ref name=Gold2016/> A number of medications used for nausea such as [[ondansetron]] are not effective for motion sickness.<ref name=Gold2016/>

Many people can be affected with sufficient motion<ref name=Stat2019/> and some people will experience motion sickness at least once in their lifetime.<ref name=Herron2010/> Susceptibility, however, is variable, with about one-third of the population being susceptible while other people can be affected only under very extreme conditions.<ref name=Stat2019/> Women can be more easily affected than men.<ref name=Hemmerich2019/> Motion sickness has been described since at least the time of [[Homer]] ({{circa}} eighth century BC).<ref name=Huppert2017/>
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