Editing Scombridae (section)

{{Short description|Family of fishes}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| name = Scombridae
| fossil_range = {{fossil range|Middle Paleocene|present}}
| image = Gelbflossen-thunfisch.jpg
| image_caption = [[Yellowfin tuna]], ''Thunnus albacares''
| taxon = Scombridae
| authority = [[Constantine Samuel Rafinesque|Rafinesque]], 1815
| subdivision_ranks = Subfamilies
| subdivision = [[Gasterochismatinae]]<br />
[[Scombrinae]]
}}
The [[mackerel]], [[tuna]], and [[bonito]] [[family (biology)|family]], '''Scombridae''', includes many of the most important and familiar [[food fish]]es. The family consists of 51 species in 15 genera and two subfamilies. All species are in the [[subfamily]] [[Scombrinae]], except the [[butterfly kingfish]], which is the sole member of subfamily [[Gasterochismatinae]].<ref name=Orrell2006>{{cite journal |last1=Orrell |first1=T.M. |last2=Collette |first2=B.B |last3=Johnson |first3=G.D. |title=Molecular data support separate Scombroid and Xiphioid Clades |journal=Bulletin of Marine Science |year=2006 |volume=79 |issue=3 |pages=505–519 |url=http://www.ingentaconnect.com/search/download?pub=infobike%3a%2f%2fumrsmas%2fbullmar%2f2006%2f00000079%2f00000003%2fart00007&mimetype=application%2fpdf |access-date=28 October 2012 |format=PDF }}{{dead link|date=May 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

Scombrids have two [[dorsal fin]]s and a series of [[Fish anatomy|finlet]]s behind the rear dorsal fin and [[anal fin]]. The [[caudal fin]] is strongly divided and rigid, with a slender, ridged base. The first (spiny) dorsal fin and the [[pelvic]] fins are normally retracted into body grooves. Species lengths vary from the {{convert|20|cm|abbr=on}} of the [[island mackerel]] to the {{convert|4.58|m|abbr=on}} recorded for the immense [[Atlantic bluefin tuna]].

Scombrids are generally predators of the open ocean, and are found worldwide in tropical and temperate waters. They are capable of considerable speed, due to a highly streamlined body and retractable fins. Some members of the family, in particular the tunas, are notable for being partially [[endothermy|endothermic]] (warm-blooded), a feature that also helps them to maintain high speed and activity. Other adaptations include a large amount of red muscle, allowing them to maintain activity over long periods. Scombrids like the [[yellowfin tuna]] can reach speeds of 22&nbsp;km/h (14&nbsp;mph).<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Svendsen|first1=Morten B. S.|last2=Domenici|first2=Paolo|last3=Marras|first3=Stefano|last4=Krause|first4=Jens|last5=Boswell|first5=Kevin M.|last6=Rodriguez-Pinto|first6=Ivan|last7=Wilson|first7=Alexander D. M.|last8=Kurvers|first8=Ralf H. J. M.|last9=Viblanc|first9=Paul E.|last10=Finger|first10=Jean S.|last11=Steffensen|first11=John F.|date=2016-10-15|title=Maximum swimming speeds of sailfish and three other large marine predatory fish species based on muscle contraction time and stride length: a myth revisited|journal=Biology Open|language=en|volume=5|issue=10|pages=1415–1419|doi=10.1242/bio.019919|issn=2046-6390|pmc=5087677|pmid=27543056}}</ref>