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{{Short description|Persian grammarian from Basra (c.760–796)}} {{Use dmy dates|date=December 2024}} {{Infobox philosopher | region = [[Islamic philosophy]] | era = [[Medieval philosophy]] | image = Sibuye1.jpg | caption = Entrance to Sybawayh's tomb in [[Shiraz]] | name = Sybawayh<br />{{lang|ar|سيبويه}} | birth_date = {{c.|760}}, [[Shiraz]], [[Persia]],{{sfn|Zubaydī (al-)|1984|loc=§6 (#22)|p=66}} Abbasid Caliphate | death_date = c. 796,<ref>[http://web.mit.edu/CIS/www/mitejmes/issues/200310/br_lane.htm Mit-Ejmes]</ref> [[Shiraz]], [[Persia]] or [[Basra]], [[Iraq]], [[Abbasid Caliphate]] | school_tradition = | main_interests = [[Arabic]] and [[Persian language|Persian]] | influences = <small> [[Al-Khalīl ibn Ahmad al-Farahidi]]<ref name="harun">{{Citation|last=Sībawayh |first=ʻAmr ibn ʻUthmān |date=1988 | editor-last=Hārūn |editor-first=ʻAbd al-Salām Muḥammad |title =Al-Kitāb Kitāb Sībawayh Abī Bishr ʻAmr ibn ʻUthmān ibn Qanbar |edition=3rd | location=Cairo |publisher=Maktabat al-Khānjī |volume=Introduction | pages=7–12}}</ref> <br />[[Hammad ibn Salamah]]<ref name="harun" /> <br />[[Al-Akhfash al-Akbar]]<ref name="harun" /> <br />[[Yunus ibn Habib]]<ref name="harun" /> <br />[[Qira'at#The Ten Readers & Their Transmitters plus the four aberrant readings|Ya‘qub Ibn Ishaq Ibn Zayd Ibn 'Abdillah Ibn Abi Ishaq]]<ref name="harun" /> <br />[[Sa'id ibn Aws al-Ansari]]<ref name="harun" /> </small> | influenced = [[Niftawayh]], [[Abu Turab al-Zahiri]] | notable_ideas = }} '''Sibawayh''' ({{langx|ar|سِيبَوَيْه}} {{IPA|ar|siːbawajh|IPA}} (also pronounced {{IPA|ar|siːbaweː(h)|IPA}} in many modern dialects) {{transliteration|ar|ALA-LC|Sībawayh}}; {{langx|fa|سیبُویه}} ''{{transliteration|fa|ALA-LC|Sēbūya}}'' {{IPA|fa|seːbuːˈja|}}; {{c.|760–796}}), whose full name is '''Abu Bishr Amr ibn Uthman ibn Qanbar al-Basri''' ({{lang|ar|أَبُو بِشْر عَمْرو بْن عُثْمَان بْن قَنْبَر ٱلْبَصْرِيّ}}, ''{{transliteration|ar|ALA-LC|'Abū Bishr 'Amr ibn 'Uthmān ibn Qanbar al-Baṣrī}}''), was a [[Persian people|Persian]]<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Arabic Language iv. Arabic literature in Iran |last=Danner |first=V. |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/arabic-iv |encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. II, Fasc. 3 |pages=237–243 | publisher=Encyclopaedia Iranica Foundation |year=1986 |quote=Persians have been prominent as well in the fields of Arabic grammar, philology, and lexicography. The greatest name in Arabic grammar belongs to the Persian Sībawayh (Sībūya) Bayżāwī (fl. 180/796), whose work, al-Ketāb (The book), remains to the present day the most authoritative exposition of Arabic grammar.}}</ref><ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Basra |last=Donner |first=F.M. |author-link=Fred Donner |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/basra |encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. III, Fasc. 8 | pages=851–855 |publisher=Encyclopaedia Iranica Foundation |year=1988 |quote=Some of these cultural figures were of Iranian descent, including the early paragon of piety Ḥasan al-Baṣrī; Sebawayh, one of the founders of the study of Arabic grammar; the famed poets Baššār b. Bord and Abū Nowās; the Muʿtazilite theologian ʿAmr b. ʿObayd; the early Arabic prose stylist Ebn al-Moqaffaʿ; and probably some of the authors of the noted encyclopedia of the Eḵwān al-Ṣafāʾ.}}</ref> leading [[Grammarians of Basrah|grammarian of Basra]] and author of the Third book on Arabic [[grammar]]. His famous unnamed work, referred to as ''Al-Kitāb'', or "The Book", is a five-volume seminal discussion of the [[Arabic]] language.<ref>[[Kees Versteegh]], ''The Arabic Linguistic Tradition'', pg. 4. Part of the ''Landmarks in Linguistic Thought'' series, vol. 3. London: [[Routledge]], 1997. {{ISBN|9780415157575}}</ref> [[Ibn Qutaybah]], the earliest extant source, in his biographical entry under ''Sibawayh'' simply wrote: <blockquote>He is Amr ibn Uthman, and he was mainly a grammarian. He arrived in Baghdad, fell out with the local grammarians, was humiliated, went back to some town in Persia, and died there while still a young man.<ref>Michael G. Carter, ''Sibawayhi'', pg. 8.</ref></blockquote> The tenth-century biographers [[Ibn al-Nadim]] and [[Abu Bakr al-Zubaydi]], and in the 13th-century [[Ibn Khallikan]], attribute Sibawayh with contributions to the science of the Arabic language and linguistics that were unsurpassed by those of earlier and later times.<ref name=":0">{{cite book|last=Ibn Khallikan |title=Ibn Khallikan's Biographical |translator-last=MacGuckin de Slane |translator-first=William |publisher=W.H. Allen |place=London |year=1868 |volume=2 |page=396 |url=https://archive.org/stream/ibnkhallikansbi00slangoog}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Meri |first1=Josef W. |title=Medieval Islamic Civilization, An Encyclopedia |volume=1 |date=January 2006 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-415-96691-7 |page=741 |quote=Of Persian origin, he attached himself in the middle of the second/eighth century to a number of early authorities on the Arabic language in Basra, notably al-Khalil ibn Ahmad and Yunus ibn Habib.}}</ref> He has been called the greatest of all Arabic linguists and one of the greatest linguists of all time in any language.<ref>Jonathan Owens, ''Early Arabic Grammatical Theory: Heterogeneity and Standardization'', pg. 8. Volume 53 of Amsterdam studies in the theory and history of linguistic science. Amsterdam: [[John Benjamins Publishing Company]], 1990. {{ISBN|9789027245380}}</ref>
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