Editing Substrate in Romanian (section)

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{{Main|Romanian language}}
[[File:Roman province of Dacia (106 - 271 AD).svg|350px|thumb|right|[[Roman Dacia]] and [[Moesia Inferior]]: according to one of the theories about the [[origin of the Romanians]], the Romanians' ancestors included Roman provincials who preferred to remain in Dacia after the withdrawal of Roman troops and administration in the early 270s AD]]

The proposed substratal elements in [[Romanian language|Romanian]] are mostly [[lexicon|lexical]] items. The process of determining if a word is from the [[Substratum (linguistics)|substratum]] involves comparison to [[Latin]], languages with which Romanian came into contact, or determining if it is an internal construct.  If there are no matching results, a comparison to [[Albanian language|Albanian]] vocabulary, [[Thracian language|Thracian]] remnants or [[Proto-Indo-European language|Proto-Indo-European]] reconstructed words is made.<ref name="Brâncuș 2005 44">{{Cite book|last=Brâncuș |first=Grigore |trans-title=Introduction to the History of Romanian Language |title=Introducere în istoria limbii române] |publisher=Editura Fundaţiei România de Mâine |year=2005 |isbn=973-725-219-5  |page=44 }}</ref>

In addition to [[vocabulary]], some other features of Eastern Romance, such as [[Romanian phonology|phonological]] features and elements of grammar (see [[Balkan sprachbund]]) may also be from Paleo-Balkan languages.

[[Romanian language|Romanian]] developed from the [[Common Romanian]] language, which in turn developed from [[Vulgar Latin]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Vrabie |first=Emil |title=An English-Aromanian (Macedo-Romanian) Dictionary  |publisher=Romance Monographs |year=2000 |isbn= 1-889441-06-6 |page=21 }}</ref> According to a widely accepted theory, the territory where the language formed was a large one, consisting of both the north and the south of the Danube (encompassing the regions of [[Dacia]], [[Moesia]], and possibly [[Illyria]]), more precisely to the north of the [[Jireček Line]].<ref>[[Gabriela Pană Dindelegan|Pană Dindelegan, Gabriela]], [https://books.google.com/books?id=DlrPPUCQmk4C ''The Grammar of Romanian''], Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2013, ISBN 978-0-19-964492-6, page 2.</ref> Other scholars place the origin of the Romanian language in the [[Balkan Peninsula]], strictly south of the [[Danube]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Malcolm |first=Noel |url=http://macedonia.kroraina.com/en/nm/kosovo.html |title=Kosovo, a short history}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Izzo |first=Herbert J |title=On the history of Romanian (Marino, Mary C.; Pérez, Luis A. ed.). |publisher=Linguistic Association of Canada and the United States}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Schramm |first=Gottfried |title=Ein Damm bricht. Die römische Donaugrenze und die Invasionen des 5-7. Jahrhunderts in Lichte der Namen und Wörter [=A Dam Breaks: The Roman Danube frontier and the Invasions of the 5th-7th Centuries in the Light of Names and Words] |publisher=R. Oldenbourg Verlag |language=German}}</ref> ''The Cambridge History of the Romance Languages'', published in 2013, came to the conclusion that the "historical, archaeological and linguistic data available do not seem adequate" to [[Origin of the Romanians|determine the territory]] where the development of the Romanian language began.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Andreose |first1=Alvise |last2=Renzi |first2=Lorenzo |author-link2=Lorenzo Renzi |editor1-last=Maiden |editor1-first=Martin |editor2-last=Smith |editor2-first=John Charles |editor3-last=Ledgeway |editor3-first=Adam |title=The Cambridge History of the Romance Languages, Volume II: Contexts |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2013 |pages=283–334 (287) |chapter=Geography and distribution of the Romance languages in Europe |isbn=978-0-521-80073-0}}
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