Editing 705 (section)

== Events ==
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=== By place ===
==== Byzantine Empire ====
* Spring &ndash; An army of 15,000 [[Bulgars|Bulgar]] and [[Slavs|Slav]] horsemen under [[Justinian II]] appear before the walls of [[Constantinople]].<ref>Ostrogorsky, pp. 124–126</ref> After three days, his troops discover an unused [[Aqueduct (water supply)|water conduit]] under the walls of the city, and enter through the [[Valens Aqueduct]]. Hearing that Justinian has taken control of the [[Palace of Blachernae|Blachernae Palace]], Emperor [[Tiberios III]] flees to [[Bithynia]] (modern [[Turkey]]), where he evades capture for several months.<ref>Norwich, p. 337</ref>
* Justinian II ascends to the [[throne]] again and rewards his ally [[Tervel of Bulgaria|Tervel]], ruler (''[[khagan]]'') of the [[First Bulgarian Empire|Bulgarian Empire]], for his assistance with the title of kaisar (''[[Caesar (title)|Caesar]]''), which makes him second only to Justinian and the first foreign ruler in [[History of the Byzantine Empire|Byzantine history]] to receive such a title, and a territorial concession in northeastern [[Thrace]], a region called [[Zagore (region)|Zagora]] in modern-day [[Bulgaria]].<ref name="Byz705"/><ref>{{A History of the Byzantine State and Society | page=340}}</ref>

==== Europe ====
* Duke [[Gisulf I of Benevento]] captures the cities of [[Sora, Lazio|Sora]], [[Arpino]], and [[Arce, Italy|Arce]] (Central [[Italy]]). He marches as far as Horrea,<ref>Paul the Deacon, Chapter XXVII. Identified as [[Puteoli]] or a location at the five mile mark of the [[Via Latina]],</ref> plundering and burning, before he is confronted with gifts by the [[ambassador]]s of [[Pope John VI]], who [[ransom]] many of his captives.

==== Britain ====
* King [[Ine of Wessex]] becomes estranged from the kings [[Sigeheard of Essex|Sigeheard]] and [[Swæfred of Essex]], who are sheltering [[exile]]d rivals to the [[Wessex]] throne. At a council at [[Brentford]], the latter agree to banish the exiles in return for Ine not attacking their kingdom.<ref>Kirby, ''Earliest English Kings'', pp. 125–126</ref>
* Prince [[Osred I of Northumbria|Osred of Northumbria]], assisted by [[ealdorman]], defeats the usurper [[Eadwulf I of Northumbria|Eadwulf I]]. He becomes king at the age of nine; the government is controlled by the powerful bishop [[Wilfrid]]. 
* King [[Geraint of Dumnonia]] grants land at [[Maker, Cornwall|Maker]] ([[Cornwall]]) to [[Sherborne Abbey]], in an attempt to strengthen his position in the disputed regions of [[Dorset]] (approximate date).

==== Arabian Empire ====
* [[Arab people|Arab]] forces gain power in Central Asia, as [[Qutayba ibn Muslim]] becomes governor of [[Greater Khorasan|Khorasan]]. The region has grown rich from trade with China and Eastern Europe, its merchants dealing in [[silk]], [[fur]]s, [[amber]], [[honey]], and [[walrus ivory]]. During his rule, Qutayba subjugates the mercantile cities of [[Bukhara]] and [[Samarkand]] (modern [[Uzbekistan]]), as well as the [[Amu Darya|Oxus delta]] area of [[Khwarezm]], south of the [[Aral Sea]].
* [[October 8]] &ndash; Caliph [[Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan]] dies in his winter resort at [[Al-Sinnabra]] ([[Palestine (region)|Palestine]]), after a 20-year reign. During his rule, the financial administration of the [[Umayyad Caliphate]] has been reorganized. Arab coins have replaced former [[Byzantine Empire|Byzantine]] and [[Sasanian Empire|Sassanian]] coins, and regular postal service has been established between [[Damascus]] and the provincial capitals. Abd al-Malik is succeeded by his son [[Al-Walid I]].<ref name="Byz705"/><ref name="Treadgold341"/> 
* [[Arab conquest of Armenia]]: Large-scale [[Armenia]]n rebellion is suppressed by [[Muhammad ibn Marwan]]. He captures and deports [[Smbat VI Bagratuni]] and other leading princes. Many of the captured ''[[nakharar]]'' are gathered into churches and burned alive at [[Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic|Nakhchevan]] (modern [[Azerbaijan]]).<ref name="Byz705">{{cite book | editor-last=Venning | editor-first = Timothy | title = A Chronology of the Byzantine Empire | year = 2006 | publisher = Palgrave Macmillan | isbn = 1-4039-1774-4 | page = 190}}</ref><ref name="Treadgold341">{{A History of the Byzantine State and Society | page=341}}</ref>
*Arab general [[Musa ibn Nusayr]] conquers the city of [[Tlemcen]] in [[Algeria]]; once and for all solidifying ''Al-Maghreb Al-Awsat'' (Modern-day Algeria), which makes way for the stabilization of the entirety of North Africa a couple years later.

==== Asia ====
* [[February 22]] &ndash; Empress [[Wu Zetian]] is deposed in a [[coup d'état]] organized by her chancellor [[Zhang Jianzhi]], after a 15-year reign. His chief ministers gain support from some generals to seize the imperial palace and execute the Zhang brothers. They reinstall her son [[Emperor Zhongzong of Tang|Zhong Zong]], whom she deposed 15 years ago, restoring the [[Tang dynasty]]. This marks the end of the short-lived [[Zhou Dynasty (690 AD - 705 AD)|Zhou dynasty]] in China.
*[[Nishiyama Onsen Keiunkan]], a hot spring hotel, is founded in [[Hayakawa]], [[Yamanashi Prefecture]], Japan. It is the oldest hotel in the world and has been operated by the same family for 52 generations.

=== By topic ===
==== Religion ====
* [[January 11]] &ndash; [[Pope John VI]] dies at Rome, after a reign of little more than 3 years. During his rule, he protected the Byzantine exarch [[Theophylactus (exarch)|Theophylactus]], when he invaded the [[Italian Peninsula|Italian mainland]] from [[Sicily]]. He also induced [[Gisulf I of Benevento|Gisulf I]], Lombard duke of [[Duchy of Benevento|Benevento]], to withdraw from Byzantine territory, ransomed captives and ordered the restoration of Wilfrid, as deposed [[bishop of York]]. He is succeeded by [[Pope John VII|John VII]] as the 86th pope of the [[Catholic Church]].<ref name="Byz705"/>
* Al-Walid I commissions the construction of [[Qibli Mosque|Al-Aqsa Mosque]] located in the [[Old City (Jerusalem)|Old City]] of [[Jerusalem]] (approximate date).
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