705

File:Pope John VII.JPG

Pope John VII (705–707)

Year 705 (DCCV) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar, the 705th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 705th year of the 1st millennium, the 5th year of the 8th century, and the 6th year of the 700s decade. The denomination 705 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

Events

By place

Byzantine Empire

• Spring – An army of 15,000 Bulgar and Slav horsemen under Justinian II appear before the walls of Constantinople.<ref>Ostrogorsky, pp. 124–126</ref> After three days, his troops discover an unused water conduit under the walls of the city, and enter through the Valens Aqueduct. Hearing that Justinian has taken control of the Blachernae Palace, Emperor Tiberios III flees to Bithynia (modern Turkey), where he evades capture for several months.<ref>Norwich, p. 337</ref>
• Justinian II ascends to the throne again and rewards his ally Tervel, ruler (khagan) of the Bulgarian Empire, for his assistance with the title of kaisar (Caesar), which makes him second only to Justinian and the first foreign ruler in Byzantine history to receive such a title, and a territorial concession in northeastern Thrace, a region called Zagora in modern-day Bulgaria.<ref name="Byz705"/><ref>Template:A History of the Byzantine State and Society</ref>

Europe

• Duke Gisulf I of Benevento captures the cities of Sora, Arpino, and Arce (Central Italy). He marches as far as Horrea,<ref>Paul the Deacon, Chapter XXVII. Identified as Puteoli or a location at the five mile mark of the Via Latina,</ref> plundering and burning, before he is confronted with gifts by the ambassadors of Pope John VI, who ransom many of his captives.

Britain

• King Ine of Wessex becomes estranged from the kings Sigeheard and Swæfred of Essex, who are sheltering exiled rivals to the Wessex throne. At a council at Brentford, the latter agree to banish the exiles in return for Ine not attacking their kingdom.<ref>Kirby, Earliest English Kings, pp. 125–126</ref>
• Prince Osred of Northumbria, assisted by ealdorman, defeats the usurper Eadwulf I. He becomes king at the age of nine; the government is controlled by the powerful bishop Wilfrid.
• King Geraint of Dumnonia grants land at Maker (Cornwall) to Sherborne Abbey, in an attempt to strengthen his position in the disputed regions of Dorset (approximate date).

Arabian Empire

• Arab forces gain power in Central Asia, as Qutayba ibn Muslim becomes governor of Khorasan. The region has grown rich from trade with China and Eastern Europe, its merchants dealing in silk, furs, amber, honey, and walrus ivory. During his rule, Qutayba subjugates the mercantile cities of Bukhara and Samarkand (modern Uzbekistan), as well as the Oxus delta area of Khwarezm, south of the Aral Sea.
• October 8 – Caliph Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan dies in his winter resort at Al-Sinnabra (Palestine), after a 20-year reign. During his rule, the financial administration of the Umayyad Caliphate has been reorganized. Arab coins have replaced former Byzantine and Sassanian coins, and regular postal service has been established between Damascus and the provincial capitals. Abd al-Malik is succeeded by his son Al-Walid I.<ref name="Byz705"/><ref name="Treadgold341"/>
• Arab conquest of Armenia: Large-scale Armenian rebellion is suppressed by Muhammad ibn Marwan. He captures and deports Smbat VI Bagratuni and other leading princes. Many of the captured nakharar are gathered into churches and burned alive at Nakhchevan (modern Azerbaijan).<ref name="Byz705">Template:Cite book</ref><ref name="Treadgold341">Template:A History of the Byzantine State and Society</ref>
• Arab general Musa ibn Nusayr conquers the city of Tlemcen in Algeria; once and for all solidifying Al-Maghreb Al-Awsat (Modern-day Algeria), which makes way for the stabilization of the entirety of North Africa a couple years later.

Asia

• February 22 – Empress Wu Zetian is deposed in a coup d'état organized by her chancellor Zhang Jianzhi, after a 15-year reign. His chief ministers gain support from some generals to seize the imperial palace and execute the Zhang brothers. They reinstall her son Zhong Zong, whom she deposed 15 years ago, restoring the Tang dynasty. This marks the end of the short-lived Zhou dynasty in China.
• Nishiyama Onsen Keiunkan, a hot spring hotel, is founded in Hayakawa, Yamanashi Prefecture, Japan. It is the oldest hotel in the world and has been operated by the same family for 52 generations.

By topic

Religion

• January 11 – Pope John VI dies at Rome, after a reign of little more than 3 years. During his rule, he protected the Byzantine exarch Theophylactus, when he invaded the Italian mainland from Sicily. He also induced Gisulf I, Lombard duke of Benevento, to withdraw from Byzantine territory, ransomed captives and ordered the restoration of Wilfrid, as deposed bishop of York. He is succeeded by John VII as the 86th pope of the Catholic Church.<ref name="Byz705"/>
• Al-Walid I commissions the construction of Al-Aqsa Mosque located in the Old City of Jerusalem (approximate date).

Births

• Amoghavajra, Chinese translator (d. 774)
• Sturm, abbot of Fulda (approximate date)
• Thingfrith, Earl of Mercia (approximate date)
• Tiberius, son of Justinian II (d. 711)

Deaths

• January 11 – Pope John VI
• October 8 – Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan, Muslim caliph (b. 646)
• December 16 – Wu Zetian, Empress of the Zhou Dynasty (b. 624)
• Aldfrith, king of Northumbria (or 704)
• Bosa, bishop of York (approximate date)
• Cellach mac Rogallaig, king of Connacht (Ireland)
• Hædde, bishop of Winchester (approximate date)
• Heraclius, Byzantine general (monostrategos)
• Kallinikos I, patriarch of Constantinople (or 706)
• Lambert of Maastricht, bishop (approximate date)
• Varaz Trdat I, king of Caucasian Albania
• Azza al-Mayla, Arabian qiyan-courtesan singer (approximate date)