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== History == [[Image:AMGenelogo.jpg|thumb|right|AMGen corporate logo, 1983]] [[File:Macri Amgen.jpg|thumb|Argentine president [[Mauricio Macri]] meets with heads of Amgen, in 2018.]] Amgen was established in Thousand Oaks in 1980, as Applied Molecular Genetics.<ref>Bidwell, Carol A. (1989). ''The Conejo Valley: Old and New Frontiers''. Windsor Publications. p. 128. {{ISBN|978-0897812993}}.</ref><ref name="Baker, Pam 2002 Page 37">Baker, Pam (2002). ''Thousand Oaks Westlake Village: A Contemporary Portrait''. Community Communications, Inc., p. 37. {{ISBN|978-1581920611}}.</ref> Amgen was backed by a small group of venture capitalists, and its early focus was on [[recombinant DNA]] technology and recombinant human [[insulin]].<ref name="Walsh">{{cite web |last1=Walsh |first1=Robin |date=27 October 2010 |title=A history of: Amgen |url=https://pharmaphorum.com/views-and-analysis/a_history_of_amgen/ |access-date=10 August 2022 |website=pharmaphorum.com}}</ref> Its initial scientific advisory board consisted of [[Norman Davidson (biologist)|Norman Davidson]], [[Leroy Hood]], [[Arnold Berk]], [[John Carbon]], [[Robert Schimke]], [[Arno Motulsky]], [[Marvin H. Caruthers]], and Dave Gibson.<ref>{{cite web |title=AmgenβA biotechnology success story {{!}} From drug development to the mass market |url=https://www.marsdd.com/mars-library/amgen-a-biotechnology-success-story-from-drug-development-to-the-mass-market/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141024024858/https://www.marsdd.com/mars-library/amgen-a-biotechnology-success-story-from-drug-development-to-the-mass-market/ |archive-date=2014-10-24 |access-date=2016-09-12}}</ref> In October 1980, Amgen named [[George Rathmann]] its first president and chief executive officer.<ref name="Walsh" /> On June 17, 1983, Amgen went public, selling two million [[common shares]] and raising nearly $40 million.<ref>{{cite web |date=1 September 1983 |title=Small Company Initial Public Offerings: June 1983 |url=https://www.inc.com/magazine/19830901/2878.html |access-date=10 August 2022 |website=Inc.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Ward |first1=Nicholas |date=21 April 2019 |title=Amgen: This Beaten Down Blue Chip Is Priced To Own |url=https://www.thestreet.com/investing/stocks/amgen-this-beaten-down-blue-chip-is-priced-to-own-14930489 |access-date=10 August 2022 |website=TheStreet |language=en-us}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Timmerman |first1=Luke |date=13 May 2002 |title=Shrewd science: Biotech giant Amgen's success reflects its savvy corporate style |url=https://archive.seattletimes.com/archive/?date=20020513&slug=amgen130 |access-date=10 August 2022 |website=The Seattle Times}}</ref> That same year, after more than two years of work, an Amgen research team led by [[Fu-Kuen Lin]] had a breakthrough in finding and cloning the [[erythropoietin]] gene, a protein created in the kidney that stimulates [[red blood cell]] production. Lin's team created what would become Epogen ([[epoetin alfa]]).<ref>{{cite web |last1=Bate |first1=James |date=2 June 1989 |title=Biotech Detective Scores Coup : Amgen scientist spent years searching for the key to producing EPO. |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1989-06-02-fi-1020-story.html |access-date=10 August 2022 |website=Los Angeles Times}}</ref><ref name="Kim">{{cite book |last1=Kim |first1=Rachel |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Qah8DwAAQBAJ |title=Economics and management in the biopharmaceutical industry in the USA : evolution and strategic change |date=2019 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=9781351012690 |location=London |pages=2002β2003 |access-date=10 August 2022}}</ref> In 1985, Amgen researcher Larry Souza and his team cloned [[granulocyte colony-stimulating factor]] (G-CSF), leading to the development of Neupogen ([[filgrastim]]).<ref name="Kim" /><ref>{{cite news |last1=Murphy |first1=Barbara |date=20 May 1997 |title=Souza to Run Research at Biotech King Amgen |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1997-05-20-fi-60727-story.html |access-date=10 August 2022 |work=Los Angeles Times}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Bendall |first1=Linda J. |last2=Bradstock |first2=Kenneth F. |date=August 2014 |title=G-CSF: From granulopoietic stimulant to bone marrow stem cell mobilizing agent |journal=Cytokine & Growth Factor Reviews |volume=25 |issue=4 |pages=355β367 |doi=10.1016/j.cytogfr.2014.07.011 |pmid=25131807 |doi-access=free}}</ref> In October 1988, [[Gordon Binder]] was named CEO, succeeding George Rathmann.<ref>{{cite news |date=17 October 1995 |title=Gordon M. Binder, chief executive of Amgen... |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1995-10-17-fi-58041-story.html |access-date=10 August 2022 |work=Los Angeles Times}}</ref> The following year, in 1989, Amgen received approval for the first recombinant human erythropoetin product, Epogen ([[epoetin alfa]]).<ref name="auto">{{cite web |title=Drugs@FDA: FDA Approved Drug Products |url=http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/drugsatfda/index.cfm?fuseaction=Search.Set_Current_Drug&ApplNo=103795&DrugName=ENBREL&ActiveIngred=ETANERCEPT&SponsorApplicant=IMMUNEX&ProductMktStatus=1&goto=Search.DrugDetails}}{{dead link|date=May 2025|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=19 July 2012 |title=Amgen and its erythropoietin drugs |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/business/amgen-anemia-drugs/index.html |access-date=20 September 2022 |newspaper=The Washington Post |language=en}}</ref> In February 1991, Amgen received FDA approval for Neupogen for the prevention of infections in patients whose immune systems are suppressed due to cancer chemotherapy.<ref>{{cite web |title=Drugs@FDA: FDA Approved Drug Products |url=http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/drugsatfda/index.cfm?fuseaction=Search.Set_Current_Drug&ApplNo=103353&DrugName=NEUPOGEN&ActiveIngred=FILGRASTIM&SponsorApplicant=AMGEN&ProductMktStatus=1&goto=Search.DrugDetails}}{{dead link|date=May 2025|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last1=Pollack |first1=Andrew |last2=Times |first2=Special To the New York |date=1991-02-22 |title=An F.D.A. Approval for Amgen |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/02/22/business/an-fda-approval-for-amgen.html |access-date=2024-05-29 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Amgen opened a new manufacturing facility in [[Puerto Rico]], in March 1993, which later became the company's flagship manufacturing site.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Spencer |first1=Dina |date=26 Sep 2019 |title=5 Top Pharma Manufacturers in Puerto Rico |url=https://pharmaboardroom.com/articles/5-top-pharma-manufacturers-in-puerto-rico/ |access-date=10 August 2022 |work=PharmaBoardroom}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Apodaca |first=Patrice |date=1993-08-17 |title=Amgen to Open Puerto Rico Plant Despite Tax Credit Cut : Biotechnology: Analysts say the benefit reduction does not alter expectations of strong long-term growth for the Thousand Oaks giant. |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1993-08-17-fi-24667-story.html |access-date=2024-05-29 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US}}</ref> In 1994, Amgen became the fifth company to receive the [[United States Department of Commerce|U.S. Department of Commerce]]'s [[National Medal of Technology and Innovation]], in recognition of its work developing medicines to improve quality of life for kidney and cancer patients.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Nathans |first1=Aaron |date=16 September 1994 |title=Amgen, Phone Entrepreneur Win Medal of Technology |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1994-09-16-fi-39443-story.html |access-date=10 August 2022 |work=Los Angeles Times}}</ref> Also around this time, Amgen researcher Steve Elliott and his team added more sugar molecules to erythropoietin, causing it to remain in the body longer. This led to the development of Aranesp ([[darbepoetin alfa]]).<ref>{{cite news |date=3 Sep 2001 |title=A Biotech Wonder Grows Up |url=https://www.forbes.com/forbes/2001/0903/118.html?sh=7bd567cd5244 |access-date=10 August 2022 |work=Forbes |language=en}}</ref> === 2000-2014 === Binder was succeeded as CEO by [[Kevin W. Sharer]] in 2000.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Amgen names new CEO - May 11, 2000 |url=https://money.cnn.com/2000/05/11/news/amgen/index.htm |access-date=2024-11-04 |website=money.cnn.com}}</ref> Robert A. Bradway became Amgen's president and chief executive officer in May 2012, following Sharer's retirement.<ref name="Amgen-May-2012-8-K">{{cite web|url=http://edgar.secdatabase.com/1218/119312512245437/filing-main.htm |title=Amgen, Form 8-K, Current Report, Filing Date May 24, 2012 |publisher=secdatabase.com |access-date =Jan 8, 2013}}</ref> In March 2011, Amgen acquired a manufacturing facility near Dublin, Ireland, in March.<ref>{{cite news |date=11 March 2011 |title=Amgen to buy Pfizer plant |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/business/health-pharma/amgen-to-buy-pfizer-plant-1.873076 |access-date=10 August 2022 |newspaper=The Irish Times |language=en}}</ref> Amgen also opened an affiliate in China in 2013.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Becker |first1=Zoey |date=27 June 2022 |title=Amgen partners with Fosun to bring Otezla, Parsabiv to patients in China |url=https://www.fiercepharma.com/pharma/amgen-partners-fosun-pharma-bring-psoriasis-chronic-kidney-disease-medicines-country |work=Fierce Pharma |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Philippidis |first1=Alex |date=1 November 2019 |title=Amgen Expands China Presence, Cancer R&D with $2.7B BeiGene Collaboration |url=https://www.genengnews.com/news/amgen-expands-china-presence-cancer-rd-with-2-7b-beigene-collaboration/ |access-date=11 August 2022 |work=GEN - Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology News}}</ref> In November 2014 the company announced it was halting all trials of [[rilotumumab]] in advanced [[gastric cancer]] patients after one of the trials found more deaths in those who took the compound with chemotherapy, than those without.<ref>{{cite web |date=24 November 2014 |title=GEN - News Highlights:Amgen Halts Rilotumumab Trials in Advanced Gastric Cancer |url=http://www.genengnews.com/gen-news-highlights/amgen-halts-rilotumumab-trials-in-advanced-gastric-cancer/81250637/ |work=GEN}}</ref> Later in the same week, the company in conjunction with [[AstraZeneca]] reported positive results for [[brodalumab]] in a Phase III trial comparing the compound with [[ustekinumab]] and a [[placebo]] in treating [[psoriasis]].<ref>{{cite web |title=GEN - News Highlights:Brodalumab's No Turkey in Phase III: Amgen and AstraZeneca |url=http://www.genengnews.com/gen-news-highlights/brodalumab-s-no-turkey-in-phase-iii-amgen-and-astrazeneca/81250645/ |work=GEN}}</ref> In the same month, construction was completed on Amgen's next-generation biomanufacturing facility in Singapore.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Brennan |first1=Zachary |date=21 November 2014 |title=Amgen launches $200m biomanufacturing facility in Singapore |url=https://www.biopharma-reporter.com/Article/2014/11/21/Amgen-launches-200m-biomanufacturing-facility-in-Singapore |access-date=11 August 2022 |work=BioPharma-Reporter}}</ref> Blincyto ([[blinatumomab]]) was approved by the FDA in December of that year.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Przepiorka |first1=Donna |last2=Ko |first2=Chia-Wen |last3=Deisseroth |first3=Albert |last4=Yancey |first4=Carolyn L. |last5=Candau-Chacon |first5=Reyes |last6=Chiu |first6=Haw-Jyh |last7=Gehrke |first7=Brenda J. |last8=Gomez-Broughton |first8=Candace |last9=Kane |first9=Robert C. |last10=Kirshner |first10=Susan |last11=Mehrotra |first11=Nitin |last12=Ricks |first12=Tiffany K. |last13=Schmiel |first13=Deborah |last14=Song |first14=Pengfei |last15=Zhao |first15=Ping |date=15 September 2015 |title=FDA Approval: Blinatumomab |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26374073/ |journal=Clinical Cancer Research |volume=21 |issue=18 |pages=4035β4039 |doi=10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-15-0612 |issn=1557-3265 |pmid=26374073 |s2cid=207687724 |access-date=11 August 2022 |last16=Zhou |first16=Qing |last17=Farrell |first17=Ann T. |last18=Pazdur |first18=Richard}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=15 December 2014 |title=FDA Approves Blinatumomab to Treat Rare Form of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia |url=https://ascopost.com/issues/december-15-2014/fda-approves-blinatumomab-to-treat-rare-form-of-acute-lymphoblastic-leukemia/ |access-date=11 August 2022 |work=The ASCO Post |language=en}}</ref> Amgen's Thousand Oaks staff in 2022 numbered approximately 5,000<ref>{{cite news |last1=Biasotti |first1=Tony |date=9 April 2022 |title=In Thousand Oaks, biotech execs discuss industry's 'rising tide,' lament area's lack of housing |url=https://www.pacbiztimes.com/2022/04/08/in-thousand-oaks-biotech-execs-discuss-industrys-rising-tide-lament-areas-lack-of-housing/ |access-date=19 September 2022 |work=Pacific Coast Business Times}}</ref> (8.5% of total city employment)<ref>{{cite news |date=30 June 2021 |title=Annual Comprehensive Financial Report |url=https://www.toaks.org/home/showpublisheddocument?id=39338 |access-date=19 September 2022 |work=City of Thousand Oaks, California |page=156}}</ref> and included hundreds of scientists, making Amgen the largest employer in [[Ventura County, California|Ventura County]].<ref name="Baker, Pam 2002 Page 37" /><ref>{{cite web |date=16 February 2018 |title=Biotech giant Amgen has big plans for new plant |url=https://www.mpacorn.com/articles/biotech-giant-amgen-has-big-plans-for-new-plant/ |website=Moorpark Acorn}}</ref>
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