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Amgen

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Amgen Inc. (formerly Applied Molecular Genetics Inc.) is an American multinational biopharmaceutical company headquartered in Thousand Oaks, California.<ref>Amgen History official site page accessed January 2, 2016</ref><ref>Ronald Vogel. Pharmaceutical Economics and Public Policy. CRC Press, 2007. Template:ISBN. P. 208</ref> As one of the world's largest independent biotechnology companies, Amgen has approximately 24,000 staff in total as of 2022.<ref name="Talhelm">Template:Cite news</ref>

The name "AMGen" is a portmanteau of the company's original name, Applied Molecular Genetics, which became the official name of the company in 1983 (three years after incorporation and coincident with its initial public offering). The company is listed on the Nasdaq Global Select Market under the ticker symbol "AMGN", as well as a component of the Nasdaq-100, the Dow Jones Industrial Average, and the S&P 100 and 500 indices.

HistoryEdit

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AMGen corporate logo, 1983
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Argentine president Mauricio Macri meets with heads of Amgen, in 2018.

Amgen was established in Thousand Oaks in 1980, as Applied Molecular Genetics.<ref>Bidwell, Carol A. (1989). The Conejo Valley: Old and New Frontiers. Windsor Publications. p. 128. Template:ISBN.</ref><ref name="Baker, Pam 2002 Page 37">Baker, Pam (2002). Thousand Oaks Westlake Village: A Contemporary Portrait. Community Communications, Inc., p. 37. Template:ISBN.</ref> Amgen was backed by a small group of venture capitalists, and its early focus was on recombinant DNA technology and recombinant human insulin.<ref name="Walsh">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Its initial scientific advisory board consisted of Norman Davidson, Leroy Hood, Arnold Berk, John Carbon, Robert Schimke, Arno Motulsky, Marvin H. Caruthers, and Dave Gibson.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In October 1980, Amgen named George Rathmann its first president and chief executive officer.<ref name="Walsh" />

On June 17, 1983, Amgen went public, selling two million common shares and raising nearly $40 million.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> That same year, after more than two years of work, an Amgen research team led by Fu-Kuen Lin had a breakthrough in finding and cloning the erythropoietin gene, a protein created in the kidney that stimulates red blood cell production. Lin's team created what would become Epogen (epoetin alfa).<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="Kim">Template:Cite book</ref>

In 1985, Amgen researcher Larry Souza and his team cloned granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), leading to the development of Neupogen (filgrastim).<ref name="Kim" /><ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>

In October 1988, Gordon Binder was named CEO, succeeding George Rathmann.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The following year, in 1989, Amgen received approval for the first recombinant human erythropoetin product, Epogen (epoetin alfa).<ref name="auto">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}Template:Dead linkTemplate:Cbignore</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

In February 1991, Amgen received FDA approval for Neupogen for the prevention of infections in patients whose immune systems are suppressed due to cancer chemotherapy.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}Template:Dead linkTemplate:Cbignore</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Amgen opened a new manufacturing facility in Puerto Rico, in March 1993, which later became the company's flagship manufacturing site.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

In 1994, Amgen became the fifth company to receive the U.S. Department of Commerce's National Medal of Technology and Innovation, in recognition of its work developing medicines to improve quality of life for kidney and cancer patients.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Also around this time, Amgen researcher Steve Elliott and his team added more sugar molecules to erythropoietin, causing it to remain in the body longer. This led to the development of Aranesp (darbepoetin alfa).<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

2000-2014Edit

Binder was succeeded as CEO by Kevin W. Sharer in 2000.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Robert A. Bradway became Amgen's president and chief executive officer in May 2012, following Sharer's retirement.<ref name="Amgen-May-2012-8-K">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

In March 2011, Amgen acquired a manufacturing facility near Dublin, Ireland, in March.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Amgen also opened an affiliate in China in 2013.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

In November 2014 the company announced it was halting all trials of rilotumumab in advanced gastric cancer patients after one of the trials found more deaths in those who took the compound with chemotherapy, than those without.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Later in the same week, the company in conjunction with AstraZeneca reported positive results for brodalumab in a Phase III trial comparing the compound with ustekinumab and a placebo in treating psoriasis.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In the same month, construction was completed on Amgen's next-generation biomanufacturing facility in Singapore.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Blincyto (blinatumomab) was approved by the FDA in December of that year.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Amgen's Thousand Oaks staff in 2022 numbered approximately 5,000<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> (8.5% of total city employment)<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> and included hundreds of scientists, making Amgen the largest employer in Ventura County.<ref name="Baker, Pam 2002 Page 37" /><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

TimelineEdit

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  • 1984: In June, Amgen and Kirin formed a joint venture giving Kirin the rights to Epogen in Japan.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • 2002: In July, Amgen acquired Immunex, the developer of Enbrel (etanercept).<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
  • 2004: Also, Amgen acquired Tularik, another biotechnology company, expanding the company's research and development pipeline.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • 2010: On June 6, 2010, Amgen received FDA approval for Prolia, a protein drug for the treatment of post-menopausal osteoporosis.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}Template:Dead linkTemplate:Cbignore</ref> In clinical trials, Prolia reduced the rate of vertebral fractures by 61% and the risk of hip fractures by 40%.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In November 2010 the FDA approved Xgeva for the prevention of complications of bone metastases in patients with solid tumors.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The clinical trials primarily enrolled patients with breast or prostate cancer.

  • 2011: In May, Amgen acquired BioVex,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref> developer of Imlygic (talimogene laherparepvec).<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In December, Amgen and Watson Pharmaceuticals announced a collaboration to develop and commercialize several biosimilar medicines worldwide.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

  • 2012: Amgen acquired Micromet, a company focused on BiTE technology.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • 2013: Lawmakers inserted text into the fiscal cliff bill that would allow the drugmaker to sell a class of drugs that includes Sensipar without government controls for an additional two years. The New York Times estimated that the paragraph in the fiscal cliff bill will cost taxpayers an estimated $500 million<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> but other assessments concluded that the change would protect seniors in rural areas and reduce overall Medicare spending.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref> In May, Kevin Sharer retired, and Robert Bradway, formerly Amgen's president and chief operating officer, became CEO.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In June, Amgen acquired Turkish company Mustafa Nevzat Pharmaceuticals, expanding Amgen's presence in Turkey and nearby areas.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In July, Amgen acquired KAI Pharmaceuticals, developer of Parsabiv (etelcalcetide).<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Amgen acquired Iceland-based deCODE Genetics in December.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

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  • 2015: Repatha (evolocumab) was approved by the FDA in August.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In September the company announced it would acquire Dezima Pharma for more than $1.55 billion.<ref name="genengnews.com">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The same day the company announced a collaboration with Xencor on 6 early stage immuno-oncology and inflammation programmes. As part of the deal Amgen will pay $45 million upfront, with the deal being worth up to another $1.7 billion.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In October, the FDA approved Imlygic.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

  • 2016: In September, the company announced it would purchase the rights to Boehringer Ingelheims Phase I bispecific T-cell engager compound (BI 836909, now AMG 420) for use in the treatment of multiple myeloma.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref> Also in September, the FDA approved Amjevita (adalimumab-atto).<ref name="Staton">Template:Cite news</ref>

  • 2017: The FDA approved Parsabiv in February<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> and Mvasi (bevacizumab-awwb) in September.<ref name="Mvasi approval">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • 2019: In January, Evenity (romosozumab) received approval in Japan,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> followed by FDA approval in April.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In June, Kanjinti (trastuzumab-anns) was approved by the FDA.<ref name="Kanjinti approval">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Amgen announced it would acquire Nuevolution AB for 1.61 billion Swedish crowns ($166.8 million) to enhance its drug discovery capabilities.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In August the company announced it would acquire the Otezla drug programme from Celgene for $13.4 billion, as part of Celgene and Bristol-Myers Squibbs merger deal.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In October, Amgen announced it would be acquiring a 20.5% stake in the Beijing-based BeiGene for $2.7 billion.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In November, Amgen awarded a $2 million grant to the CDC Foundation to launch the latter's EmPOWERED Health Program, promoting patient engagement in decision making for their cancer treatment.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In December, the FDA approved Avsola (infliximab-axxq).<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In the same month, Amgen acquired Rodeo Therapeutics for $720 million.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The FDA approved Amgen's Lumakras in May for treatment of patients with KRAS-G12C-mutated non-small cell lung cancer.<ref name="Lumakras approval">Template:Cite news</ref> In June, Amgen and Kyowa Kirin announced joint plans to develop and commercialize a treatment for atopic dermatitis.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In July, Amgen acquired Teneobio for $900 million.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In October, Amgen and Neumora Therapeutics announced a research and development collaboration focused on novel precision therapies for certain brain diseases.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Amgen began construction on a new biomanufacturing plant in New Albany, Ohio, in November.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In December, the FDA approved Amgen and AstraZeneca's Tezspire (tezepelumab) for severe asthma.<ref name="Dunleavy">Template:Cite news</ref> The FDA also approved Amgen's Otezla for adults with plaque psoriasis of any severity level.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In August, the company agreed to acquire ChemoCentryx for $3.7 billion in an all-cash deal.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> ChemoCentryx is the maker of Tavneos—a drug treatment for rare diseases called anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody-associated vasculitis—which was approved last year.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In December, the company announced it would acquire Horizon Therapeutics for $27.8 billion ($116.50 in cash for each Horizon share, a 20% premium) expanding its rare disease treatments.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

  • 2023: Amgen completed the acquisition of Horizon Therapeutics in October 2023.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In December, announced plans to use artificial intelligence in partnership with Amazon Web Services to help discover and create medicines.<ref name=":1">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref> Amgen will use Amazon's SageMaker machine learning service to help with the manufacturing process.<ref name=":1" /> That same month, it was confirmed that Amgen would sponsor the 2024 Irish Open as the title sponsor.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Amgen FoundationEdit

In October 2017, the Amgen Foundation pledged $3 million to Khan Academy to support the development of free online biology lessons.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In July 2020, Amgen granted an additional $3 million Khan Academy to support educational equity and science learning.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

In January 2020, the Amgen Foundation and Harvard University debuted LabXchange, a free online science education platform.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Amgen and the Amgen Foundation announced a commitment of up to $12.5 million to support COVID-19 relief efforts in March.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

AcquisitionsEdit

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ProductsEdit

Amgen's approved drugs or therapeutic biologicals include:

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Products developed and then sold offEdit

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  • Kineret (anakinra) for rheumatoid arthritis, exclusively licensed to Biovitrium, now Swedish Orphan Biovitrum, in December 2008<ref name=BiovitriumDeal/>

In 2019, the company's largest selling products were Enbrel (etanercept),<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> a tumor necrosis factor blocker used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and other autoimmune diseases, and Neulasta (pegfilgrastim), an immunostimulator used to prevent infections in patients undergoing cancer chemotherapy.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Pipeline and clinical trialsEdit

As of August 2022, Amgen had 17 clinical programs underway in Phase III, eight in Phase II, and 19 in Phase I.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

In September 2019, FDA granted fast track designation to sotorasib for the treatment of metastatic non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) with the KRAS G12C mutation.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

In August 2020, Amgen, Takeda, and AbbVie, as part of a COVID-19 research and development (R&D) alliance, announced the first patients enrolled in the I-SPY COVID clinical trial. The trial evaluated the efficacy of Otezla and two other medicines in severely ill, hospitalized COVID-19 patients who required high-flow oxygen.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

In October 2020, Amgen announced positive topline Phase 2 results from the CodeBreaK 100 clinical study, evaluating sotorasib in 126 patients with KRAS G12C-mutant advanced NSCLC who had failed three or fewer prior lines of anti-cancer therapies (including immunotherapy and/or chemotherapy).<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Amgen, the Global Coalition for Adaptive Research, and Eisai Co., Ltd. also announced enrollment of the first patient in a study testing multiple interventions for the treatment of patients hospitalized with COVID-19.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

In November 2020, Amgen, Takeda, and UCB, as part of the COVID R&D alliance, announced the first patient enrolled in another trial evaluating Otezla and two other drugs as treatments for COVID-19.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Amgen also announced that it would terminate its collaboration with Cytokinetics and transition the development and commercialization rights for omecamtiv mecarbil and AMG 594.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Amgen and AstraZeneca announced positive topline results from a Phase 3 trial in which the investigational medicine tezepelumab demonstrated a statistically significant reduction in exacerbations in patients with severe asthma.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

In December 2020, the FDA granted breakthrough therapy designation to sotorasib for advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer patients with KRAS G12C mutation.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

In May 2021, sotorasib received accelerated approval from FDA for treatment of adult patients with NSCLC whose tumors have a KRAS G12C mutation and who have received at least one prior systemic therapy; this was the first approved targeted therapy for tumors with any KRAS mutation.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Similar approvals for sotorasib in NSCLC followed in January 2022 in Europe<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> and Japan.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

In September 2022, data from a late-stage study showed the company's cancer pill Lumakras beating out chemotherapy. This was the first approved drug in the set of treatments that target KRAS, among the most common generic mutations found in cancers but one where researchers have struggled for years to design drugs to treat. The drug was approved in 2021 with a list price of $17,900 per month.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

In March 2025, data for the drug Tezspire, showed the best results for treating chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In the same month, Amgen announced the start of two late-stage trials for MariTide, a weight loss drug.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Carbon footprintEdit

Amgen reported Total CO2e emissions (Direct + Indirect) for the twelve months ending 31 December 2020 at 243 Kt (-6 /-2.4% y-o-y)<ref name ="Amgen Total CO2e emissions">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }} Alt URL</ref> and aims to reach net zero emissions by 2027.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }} Alt URL</ref>

Amgen's annual Total CO2e Emissions - Location-Based Scope 1 + Scope 2 (in kilotonnes)<ref name="Amgen Total CO2e emissions"/>
Dec 2014 Dec 2015 Dec 2016 Dec 2017 Dec 2018 Dec 2019 Dec 2020
354 369 292 279 264 249 243

ControversiesEdit

The Los Angeles Times reported on December 18, 2012, that Amgen pleaded guilty and agreed to pay $150 million in criminal penalty and $612 million to resolve 11 related whistleblower complaints. Federal prosecutors accused the company of pursuing profits while putting patients at risk.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Larry Husten, a contributor at Forbes.com elaborates on AMGEN's illegal marketing practices in this case, namely that the "government accused Amgen of marketing Aranesp for indications not approved by the FDA and other illegal marketing practices".<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Public-private engagementEdit

Amgen engages with the public and private sectors in a variety of settings including to promote research and development, academic funding, event sponsorship, philanthropy, and political lobbying.

AcademiaEdit

  • Institute for Advanced Study - Donor to various IAS campaigns, including the IAS/Park City Mathematics Institute (PCMI), the Regional Initiative in Science and Education (RISE), and the Opportunity Equation (OE).<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • LA Promise Fund - Sponsor of the Amgen Biotech Experience Los Angeles (ABE-LA).<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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Events and conferencesEdit

  • Alberta Kidney Days - Virtual series sponsor.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • BC Kidney Days - Sponsor.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Mentoring in IBD - Sponsor.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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Health careEdit

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  • SickKids - Donor to the SickKids Foundation.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Sinai Health System - Donor to the Sinai Health Foundation.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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MediaEdit

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Medical societiesEdit

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  • Endocrine Society - Corporate liaison board member.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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Political lobbyingEdit

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  • BIOTECanada - Member.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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|CitationClass=web }}</ref> GHP is a multinational resource hub hosted by the International Federation of Pharmaceutical Manufacturers & Associations (IFPMA).

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|CitationClass=web }}</ref> PAAB "maintains a collaborative relationship” with Health Canada.

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Professional associationsEdit

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Research and developmentEdit

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Awards and recognitionEdit

Amgen was ranked 151 on the Fortune 500 list of the largest United States corporations by revenue in 2024.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

See alsoEdit

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ReferencesEdit

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External linksEdit

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