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==Close central protruded vowel== The '''close central protruded vowel''' is typically transcribed in IPA simply as {{angbr IPA|ʉ}}, and that is the convention used in this article. As there is no dedicated [[IPA diacritic|diacritic]] for protrusion in the IPA, symbol for the close central rounded vowel with an old diacritic for labialization, {{angbr IPA| ̫}}, can be used as an ''ad hoc'' symbol {{angbr IPA|ʉ̫}} for the close central protruded vowel. Another possible transcription is {{angbr IPA|ʉʷ}} or {{angbr IPA|ɨʷ}} (a close central vowel modified by endolabialization), but this could be misread as a diphthong. ===Features=== {{close vowel}} {{central vowel}} {{protruded vowel}} ===Occurrence=== Because central rounded vowels are assumed to have protrusion, and few descriptions cover the distinction, some of the following may actually have compression. {| class="wikitable" style="clear: both;" ! colspan="2" | Language !! Word !! [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] !! Meaning !! Notes |- | [[Angami language|Angami]] || Khonoma{{sfnp|Blankenship|Ladefoged|Bhaskararao|Chase|1993|p=129}} || {{lang|njm|s'''u'''}} || {{IPA|[sʉ˦]}} || 'deep' || Allophone of {{IPA|/u/}} after {{IPA|/s/}}.{{sfnp|Blankenship|Ladefoged|Bhaskararao|Chase|1993|p=129}} |- | [[Armenian language|Armenian]]||Some [[Eastern Armenian|Eastern]] dialects{{sfnp|Dum-Tragut|2009|p=14}} ||{{lang|hy|[[Armenian alphabet|յ'''ու'''ղ]]}}/yowġ ||{{IPA|[jʉʁ]}}|| 'oil' || Allophone of {{IPA|/u/}} after {{IPA|/j/}}. |- | [[Berber language|Berber]]||[[Ayt Seghrouchen language|Ayt Seghrouchen]]{{sfnp|Abdel-Massih|1971|p=20}} ||ⵍⵍⴰⵢⴳⴳⵓⵔ/llayggur ||{{IPA|[lːæjˈɡːʉɾ]}} || 'he goes' || Allophone of {{IPA|/u/}} after velar consonants. |- | rowspan="2" | [[Dutch language|Dutch]] || Standard Northern{{sfnp|Gussenhoven|1992|p=47}} || {{lang|nl|[[Dutch orthography|n'''u''']]}} || {{IPA|[nʉ]}} || 'now' || Typically transcribed in IPA with {{angbr IPA|y}}; also described as close front {{IPAblink|y}}{{sfnp|Gussenhoven|2007|p=30}} and near-close front {{IPAblink|y˕}}.{{sfnp|Collins|Mees|2003|p=132}} See [[Dutch phonology]] |- | [[Randstad]]<ref name="cm">{{Harvcoltxt|Collins|Mees|2003|pp=128, 131}}. The source describes the Standard Dutch vowel as front-central {{IPAblink|ø|ɵ̟}}, but more sources (e.g. {{Harvcoltxt|van Heuven|Genet|2002}} and {{Harvcoltxt|Verhoeven|2005}}) describe it as central {{IPAblink|ɵ}}. As far as the raised varieties of this vowel are concerned, Collins and Mees do not describe their exact backness.</ref> || {{lang|nl|[[Dutch orthography|h'''u'''t]]}} || {{IPA|[ɦɵ̝t]}} || 'hut' || Found in Amsterdam, Rotterdam and The Hague. Lower {{IPAblink|ɵ}} in Standard Dutch.<ref name="cm"/> See [[Dutch phonology]] |- | rowspan="12" | [[English language|English]] || [[Australian English|Australian]]{{sfnp|Harrington|Cox|Evans|1997}} || rowspan="6" | ''{{lang|en|[[English orthography|g'''oo'''se]]}}'' || rowspan="5" | {{IPA|[ɡʉːs]}}|| rowspan="6" | 'goose' || See [[Australian English phonology]] |- | [[New Zealand English|New Zealand]]{{sfnp|Schneider|Burridge|Kortmann|Mesthrie|2004|p=582}} || See [[New Zealand English phonology]] |- | Modern [[Received Pronunciation]]{{sfnp|Cruttenden|2014|p=133}} || Realized as back {{IPAblink|uː}} in the conservative variety.{{sfnp|Cruttenden|2014|p=133}} |- | [[Scouse]]<ref name=watson>{{citation|last=Watson|first=Kevin|year=2007|title=Liverpool English|journal=Journal of the International Phonetic Association|volume=37|issue=3|pages=351–360|url=http://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/4011/1/download2.pdf?origin=publication_detail|doi=10.1017/s0025100307003180|s2cid=232345844|doi-access=free}}</ref> || May (less commonly) be fully front {{IPAblink|yː}} instead.<ref name=watson/> |- | [[South African English|South African]]{{sfnp|Lass|2002|p=116}} || Realized as back {{IPAblink|uː}} in the conservative variety and in many Black and Indian varieties.{{sfnp|Lass|2002|p=116}} See [[South African English phonology]] |- | [[General American]]{{sfnp|Wells|1982|pp=476, 487}} || {{IPA|[ɡʉs]}} || Can be back {{IPAblink|u}} instead.{{sfnp|Wells|1982|pp=476, 487}} |- | [[Estuary English|Estuary]]{{sfnp|Schneider|Burridge|Kortmann|Mesthrie|2004|pp=188, 191–192}} || ''{{lang|en|[[English orthography|f'''oo'''t]]}}'' || {{IPA|[fʉ̞ʔt]}} || 'foot' || The exact height, backness and roundedness is variable.{{sfnp|Schneider|Burridge|Kortmann|Mesthrie|2004|pp=188, 191–192}} |- | [[Cockney]]{{sfnp|Mott|2011|p=75}} || rowspan="4" | [[English orthography|''g'''oo'''d'']] || rowspan="4" | {{IPA|[ɡʊ̈d]}} || rowspan="4" | 'good' || Only in some words, particularly ''good'', otherwise realized as near-back {{IPAblink|ʊ}}.{{sfnp|Mott|2011|p=75}} |- | Rural white [[Southern American English|Southern American]]{{sfnp|Thomas|2004|pp=303, 308}} || Can be front {{IPAblink|ʏ}} instead.{{sfnp|Thomas|2004|pp=303, 308}} |- | [[English language in southern England|Southeastern English]]{{sfnp|Lodge|2009|p=174}} || May be unrounded {{IPAblink|ɪ̈}} instead;{{sfnp|Lodge|2009|p=174}} it corresponds to {{IPAblink|ʊ}} in other dialects. See [[English phonology]] |- | [[Hiberno-English|Ulster]]<ref name="ireland">{{cite web|last=Jilka|first=Matthias|title=Irish English and Ulster English|place=Stuttgart|publisher=Institut für Linguistik/Anglistik, University of Stuttgart|page=6|url=http://ifla.uni-stuttgart.de/institut/mitarbeiter/jilka/teaching/dialectology/d9_Ireland.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140421050911/http://ifla.uni-stuttgart.de/institut/mitarbeiter/jilka/teaching/dialectology/d9_Ireland.pdf|archive-date=21 April 2014}}</ref> || Short allophone of {{IPA|/u/}}.<ref name="ireland"/> |- | [[Scottish English|Shetland]]{{sfnp|Melchers|2004|p=42}}|| ''[[English orthography|str'''u'''t]]''|| {{IPA|[stɹʊ̈t]}}|| 'strut' |Can be {{IPAblink|ɔ|ɔ̟}} or {{IPAblink|ʌ}} instead.{{sfnp|Melchers|2004|p=42}} |- | [[German language|German]] || [[Upper Saxon German|Upper Saxon]]{{sfnp|Khan|Weise|2013|p=236}} || {{lang|de|[[German orthography|B'''u'''den]]}} || {{IPA|[ˈb̥ʉːd̥n̩]}} || 'booths' || The example word is from the [[Chemnitz dialect]]. |- | colspan="2" | [[Hausa language|Hausa]]{{sfnp|Schuh|Yalwa|1999|p=90}} || {{example needed|date=January 2016}} || || || Allophone of {{IPA|/u/}}.{{sfnp|Schuh|Yalwa|1999|p=90}} |- | rowspan="2" | [[Ibibio language|Ibibio]] || Dialect of the Uruan area and [[Uyo]]{{sfnp|Urua|2004|p=106}} || ''f'''uu'''k'' || {{IPA|[fʉ́ʉk]}} || 'cover many things/times' || Allophone of {{IPA|/u/}} between consonants.{{sfnp|Urua|2004|p=106}} |- | Some dialects{{sfnp|Urua|2004|p=106}} || colspan="2" align="center" | {{example needed|date=November 2015}} || || Phonemic; contrasts with {{IPA|/u/}}.{{sfnp|Urua|2004|p=106}} |- | rowspan="2" | [[Irish language|Irish]] || [[Munster Irish|Munster]]{{sfnp|Ó Sé|2000|p=?}} || [[Irish orthography|''c'''iúi'''n'']] || {{IPA|[cʉːnʲ]}} || 'quiet' || Allophone of {{IPA|/u/}} between slender consonants.{{sfnp|Ó Sé|2000|p=?}} See [[Irish phonology]] |- | [[Ulster Irish|Ulster]]{{sfnp|Ní Chasaide|1999|p=114}} || [[Irish orthography|'''''ú'''llaí'']] || {{IPA|[ˈʉ̜l̪ˠi]}}|| 'apples' || Often only weakly rounded;{{sfnp|Ní Chasaide|1999|p=114}} may be transcribed in IPA with {{angbr IPA|u}}. |- | colspan="2" | [[Irula language|Irula]]{{sfnp|Krishnamurti|2003|p=50}} || || {{IPA|[mʉːj]}} || "to surround" || Has other centralized vowels. |- | [[Kurdish language|Kurdish]] || [[Southern Kurdish|Southern]]{{sfnp|Fattah|2000|pp=110-122}} || ''m'''ü'''çig'' || {{IPA|[mʉːˈt͡ʃɯɡ]}} || 'dust' || See [[Kurdish phonology]] |- | [[Limburgish language|Limburgish]] || Some dialects{{sfnp|Gussenhoven|Aarts|1999|p=159}}{{sfnp|Verhoeven|2007|pp=221, 223}} || {{lang|li|br'''uu'''dsje}} || {{IPA|[ˈbʀ̝ʉtʃə]}} || 'breadroll' || Close {{IPA|[ʉ]}}{{sfnp|Gussenhoven|Aarts|1999|p=159}} or near-close {{IPA|[ʉ̞]}},{{sfnp|Verhoeven|2007|pp=221, 223}} depending on the dialect. Close front {{IPAblink|y}} in other dialects.{{sfnp|Peters|2006|p=119}} Typically transcribed in IPA with {{angbr IPA|y}}. The example word is from the [[Maastrichtian dialect]], in which the vowel is close. |- | colspan="2" | [[Lizu language|Lüsu]]{{sfnp|Chirkova|Chen|2013|p=75}} || colspan="2" align="center" | {{IPA|[lʉ˥zʉ˥˧]}} || 'Lüsu' || |- | colspan="2" | [[Russian language|Russian]]{{sfnp|Jones|Ward|1969|pp=38, 67–68}} || ''{{lang|ru|[[Russian orthography|к'''ю'''рий]]}}''/kyuriy/kjurij ||{{IPA|[ˈkʲʉrʲɪj]}}|| 'curium'|| Allophone of {{IPA|/u/}} between [[Palatalization (phonetics)|palatalized]] consonants. Near-close when unstressed.{{sfnp|Jones|Ward|1969|pp=38, 67–68}} See [[Russian phonology]] |- | colspan="2" | [[Scots language|Scots]]{{sfnp|Schneider|Burridge|Kortmann|Mesthrie|2004|p=54}} || {{lang|sco|b'''ui'''t}} || {{IPA|[bʉt]}} || 'boot' || May be more front {{IPAblink|ʏ}} instead.{{sfnp|Schneider|Burridge|Kortmann|Mesthrie|2004|p=54}} |- | rowspan="2" | [[Scottish Gaelic language|Scottish Gaelic]] || older [[Isle of Lewis|Lewis]] speakers{{sfnp|Nance|2013}} || rowspan="2" | [[Scottish Gaelic orthography|''co-dh'''iù''''']] || rowspan="2" | {{IPA|[kʰɔˈjʉː]}} || rowspan=2" | 'anyway' || Normal allophone of {{IPAblink|uː}}. Fronted as {{IPAblink|yː}} among younger speakers. |- || [[Wester Ross]] and [[Lochalsh]]<ref name="SGDS">{{Cite web|title=Aspiration|url=https://doug5181.wixsite.com/sgdsmaps/page9|url-status=live|access-date=2021-04-23|website=Scottish Gaelic Dialect Survey|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210424000221/https://doug5181.wixsite.com/sgdsmaps/page9 |archive-date=2021-04-24 }}</ref> || Normal allophone of {{IPAblink|uː}}. |- | rowspan="2" | [[Swedish language|Swedish]] || Bohuslän{{sfnp|Riad|2014|p=21}} || rowspan="2" | {{lang|sv|[[Swedish alphabet|'''y'''la]]}} || rowspan="2" | {{IPA|[²ʉᶻːlä]}} || rowspan="2" | 'howl' || rowspan="2" | A fricated vowel that corresponds to {{IPAblink|y̫ː}} in Central Standard Swedish.{{sfnp|Riad|2014|p=21}} See [[Swedish phonology]] |- | Närke{{sfnp|Riad|2014|p=21}} |- | colspan="2" | [[Tamil language|Tamil]]{{sfnp|Keane|2004|p=114}} || {{lang|ta|[[Tamil script|வால்]]}} ||{{IPA|[väːlʉ]}} || 'tail' || Epenthetic vowel inserted in colloquial speech after word-final liquids; can be unrounded {{IPAblink|ɨ}} instead.{{sfnp|Keane|2004|p=114}} See [[Tamil phonology]] |}
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