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== History == On 12 May 1859, the Secretary of State for War, [[Jonathan Peel]], sent out a circular letter to the public schools and universities inviting them to form units of the [[Volunteer Force (Great Britain)|Volunteer Corps]].<ref name="Felsted">{{cite book|title=History of Felsted School (1564β1947) |first=Michael |last=Craze}}</ref> The first school cadet corps was established at [[Rossall School]] in February 1860,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rossall.co.uk/sporting_and_activities/163 |title=Combined Cadet Force (CCF) |publisher=[[Rossall School]] |access-date=12 April 2009 |quote=It has, however, been established that Rossall was the first public school to enrol Volunteers and have them sworn in under the provisions of the Volunteer Act, and we have the original muster book in which the first names were entered on 1st February, 1860. Other Corps at Eton, Felsted, etc., were raised within a month or two.}}</ref> initially as an army contingent only. [[Felsted School|Felsted]] already had an armed drill contingent at the time of the War Office letter under the command of Sgt. Major Rogers RM; its claim on these grounds to be the oldest school corps was upheld by [[Field Marshal]] [[Earl Roberts]] in a letter to the Headmaster of 1904.<ref name="Felsted"/> In February 1861 the Oxford City Rifle Cadet Corps was founded, with five companies, the first of which was composed of pupils of the Linden House School, a private school in [[Headington]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mattersphotographical.wordpress.com |first=Giles |last=Hudson |title=Shots of Shots: Photographs of the Oxford Volunteer Rifle Corps |website=Matters Photographical |date=1 December 2012}}</ref> and the second composed of pupils from [[Magdalen College School, Oxford|Magdalen College School]]. In 1908, the units were re-titled the [[Officer Training Corps]] (OTC).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.raf.mod.uk/aircadets/ |title=Air Cadets - History |website=raf.mod.uk}}</ref> The CCF was created in 1948<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.1260sqn.co.uk/about-us/the-air-cadet-organisation/the-history-of-the-combined-cadet-force |title=The History of the Combined Cadet Force |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129212629/http://www.1260sqn.co.uk/about-us/the-air-cadet-organisation/the-history-of-the-combined-cadet-force |archive-date=29 November 2014 |website=1260sqn.co.uk}}</ref> by the amalgamation of the Junior Training Corps (formerly the Junior Division of the [[Officers Training Corps]]) and the school contingents of the [[Sea Cadet Corps (United Kingdom)|Sea Cadet Corps]] and [[Air Training Corps]]. CCFs are still occasionally referred to as "The Corps". A school contingent may have any combination of [[Royal Navy]], [[British Army|Army]], [[Royal Air Force]] and sometimes [[Royal Marines]] sections, the army section is almost invariably the largest. === Independent and state schools === The CCF movement used to be dominated by the independent sector with 200 contingents being based in [[Independent School (UK)|independent schools]] with only around 60 in state schools.<ref name="Henry">{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/education/educationnews/8999455/Military-cadet-forces-in-every-school-says-schools-commissioner.html |title=Military cadet forces in every school, says schools commissioner |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |first=Julie |last=Henry |date=2012-01-08}}</ref> Since the Cadet Expansion Programme was launched in 2012 the number of contingents has reached 500, beating the target set by the government. There are now more contingents in the state sector than in the independent sector. The expansion was funded by Β£50m from the fines arising from the [[LIBOR scandal]].<ref>{{cite web|title=MOD sponsored cadet forces: 1 April 2020 |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/mod-sponsored-cadet-forces-statistics-2020/mod-sponsored-cadet-forces-1-april-2020 |access-date=2021-02-18 |website=GOV.UK |language=en}}</ref> It was reported in 2008 that some independent school CCF detachments would be opened to pupils of local state schools<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/education/education-news/private-schools-will-let-state-pupils-join-cadet-forces-936171.html |title=Private schools will let state pupils join cadet forces |newspaper=[[The Independent]] |date=20 September 2008 |quote=A ground-breaking agreement to allow state school pupils to join cadet forces in some of Britain's most elite private schools is to be announced this month. Six of the country's top fee-paying schools β including City of London boys' school and Highgate β have agreed to open up their Combined Cadet Forces to neighbouring state schools. |first=Richard |last=Garner |access-date=2010-04-30}}</ref><ref name="Henry" /> One case of a fee-charging school allowing state school pupils to join the cadet force was [[Aldenham School]] in [[Watford]], [[Hertfordshire]] linking its Cadet Force with the nearby state school [[Queens' School]] to form a joint Cadet force.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aldenham.com/ |title=CCF Biennial Inspection |access-date=24 September 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/education/10640052/Public-school-funding-for-military-cadet-forces-diverted-to-state-sector.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140215032554/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/education/10640052/Public-school-funding-for-military-cadet-forces-diverted-to-state-sector.html|url-status=dead |archive-date=15 February 2014 |title=Public school funding for military cadet forces diverted to state sector |first1=Steven |last1=Swinford |first2=Ben |last2=Farmer |date=14 February 2014|access-date=24 September 2019 |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]}}</ref> === Investigation into sexual abuse === In 2012 payouts made to victims of [[Child sexual abuse|sexual abuse]] across all Cadet Forces, including the CCF, totalled Β£1,475,844. In 2013 payouts totalled Β£64,782, and in 2014 payouts totalled Β£544,213.<ref name=":1">{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2014/dec/28/ministry-of-defence-pays-out-2m-settle-cadets-sexual-abuse-claims |title=Ministry of Defence pays out Β£2m to settle cadets' sexual abuse claims |last=Quinn |first=Ben |date=28 December 2014 |work=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=22 January 2018 |language=en-GB |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141229015116/http://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2014/dec/28/ministry-of-defence-pays-out-2m-settle-cadets-sexual-abuse-claims |archive-date=29 December 2014}}</ref> === Identity === CCF Contingents are part of the CCF, but are also part of their own school and as such are semi-autonomous organisations, run by internal school or school-related staff, supported by armed forces personnel. Army sections may wear their own capbadge. Royal Navy and Royal Air Force sections wear the appropriate RN/RAF other rank and officer capbadges. The CCF is separate from the [[Community Cadet Forces]] namely the [[Sea Cadet Corps (United Kingdom)|Sea Cadet Corps]], the [[Army Cadet Force]] and the [[Air Training Corps]], and the [[Volunteer Cadet Corps]]. Pupils normally join at the age of 12 or 13 (Year 8), or later at the discretion of the Head, with both sexes able to take part.
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