Editing Esperanza Base (section)

==Description==
[[File:Esperanza Station anta0060.jpg|thumb|left|Esperanza Base seen from Hope Bay]]
Built in 1953,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.encuentro.gov.ar/sitios/encuentro/programas/ver?rec_id=121323 |title=Gral. Jorge Leal: un expedicionario en la Antártida |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141027184054/http://www.encuentro.gov.ar/sitios/encuentro/programas/ver?rec_id=121323 |archive-date=27 October 2014 |access-date=20 April 2019 |work=Canal Encuentro |language=es |publisher=[[President of Argentina|Presidencia de la Nación]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ejercito.mil.ar/antartico/ESPERANZA/B_esp_hist.htm |title=official site |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606010200/http://www.ejercito.mil.ar/antartico/ESPERANZA/B_esp_hist.htm |archive-date=6 June 2011 |language=es |access-date=20 April 2019 |work=[[Ejército Argentino]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.marambio.aq/esperanza.htm |title=Base Antártica Esperanza |work=marambio.aq |access-date=20 April 2019 |language=es}}</ref> the base houses 56 inhabitants in winter, including 10 families and 2 school teachers. Provincial school #38 ''Presidente [[Raúl Alfonsín|Raúl Ricardo Alfonsín]]'' (formerly named ''[[Julio Argentino Roca]]'') was founded in 1978 and acquired independent status in 1997. It maintains the [[Scouting in the Antarctic|furthest South Scout troop]].  The base has an Argentine civil register office where births and weddings are recorded.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ejercito.mil.ar/antartico/RegistroCivil.html |title=Registro civil "Base Esperanza" |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100117124815/http://www.ejercito.mil.ar/antartico/RegistroCivil.html |archive-date=January 17, 2010 |access-date=20 April 2019 |language=es |work=[[Ejército Argentino]]}}</ref> The base has tourist facilities that are visited by about 1,100 tourists each year.

The LRA 36 ''Radio Nacional Arcángel San Gabriel'' [[radio]] station started transmitting in 1979 and currently broadcasts on 15476&nbsp;kHz shortwave and 96.7&nbsp;MHz FM. It is one of the southernmost radio stations in the world and its range signal includes audio identification in multiple languages.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.marambio.aq/audio/larosadetokiolra36.html |title=Identificaciones varias de LRA36 a través del tiempo |editor=Fundación Marambio |language=es}}</ref> The host of "Panorama Nacional" Marcelo Ayala told at the beginning of 2024 about his life experience and broadcast by LRA36 Radio Nacional Arcángel San Gabriel.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.radionacional.com.ar/la-experiencia-de-hacer-radio-desde-la-antartida-argentina/ |title=La experiencia de hacer radio desde la Antártida Argentina|date=17 January 2024|accessdate=16 February 2024 |editor=radionacional.com.ar|language=es}}</ref>

A [[wind generator]] was installed in 2008, mounted by [[INVAP]].<ref>{{cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nWOcJM0th6U  |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211212/nWOcJM0th6U| archive-date=2021-12-12 |url-status=live|title=IVS-4500 en Base Esperanza, Antártida Argentina - "Hielos míticos" (Daniel Bazan, 2008). |date=25 May 2010 |access-date=20 April 2019 |author=INVAP |author-link=INVAP |medium=[[YouTube]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

The 43 buildings of the station have a combined space of {{convert|3744|m2|sqft}} covered;<ref>[[Google Earth]] satellite images</ref> {{convert|18000|L|USgal}} of fuel are used annually by the four generators to produce electricity for the station. Research projects include: [[glaciology]], [[seismology]], [[oceanography]], [[coastal ecology]], [[biology]], [[geology]], and [[limnology]].

In the [[Hope Bay incident]] in 1952, this area was also the scene of the only shots fired in anger in Antarctica, when an Argentine shore party fired a machine gun over the heads of a [[British Antarctic Survey|Falkland Islands Dependencies]] Survey team unloading supplies from the ''John Biscoe'' to rebuild its damaged base. Following the Argentine show of force, the British team returned to the [[Falkland Islands]]. Shortly afterwards, Argentina issued a diplomatic apology, saying there had been a misunderstanding and the military commander on the ground had exceeded his authority. Despite this initial outward show of deference, the party was later welcomed back to Argentina with a hero's welcome. In the meantime, the ''John Biscoe'' had returned from the Falklands with a military escort and completed rebuilding the British base.<ref name="Beck, 2014">{{cite book |last1=Beck |first1=Peter J. |title=The International Politics of Antarctica |date=2014 |publisher=Routledge |location=Google Books |isbn=9781317700968 |pages=35 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OlLXAwAAQBAJ&q=%22hope+bay+incident%22&pg=PA35 |access-date=1 February 2020}}</ref> The [[Antarctic Treaty System|Antarctic Treaty of 1959]] now treats the continent as a laboratory open to all, and provides that "no acts or activities ... shall constitute a basis for asserting, supporting or denying a claim to territorial sovereignty."<ref>{{cite news |title=1948 (sic) BRITISH-ARGENTINE CLASHES IN ANTARCTIC ENDED PEACEFULLY |url=https://nyti.ms/29yLCOi |work=New York Times |date=24 May 1982 |access-date=7 February 2020 |location=Section A |page=8|last1=Sullivan |first1=Walter }}</ref>