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==History== [[File:Haworth Perambulator crop.jpg|thumb|Guided omnibus from Manchester]] ===Precursors=== The kerb-guided bus (KGB) guidance mechanism is a development of the early [[Wagonway#Plateways, flangeways|flangeways]], pre-dating railways. The [[Gloucester and Cheltenham Tramroad]]<ref>{{cite book|last=Bick|first=D. E.|title=The Gloucester and Cheltenham Railway and the Leckhampton Quarry Tramroads|year=1968|publisher=Oakwood Press}}</ref> of 1809 therefore has a claim to be the earliest guided busway. There were earlier flangeways, but they did not carry passengers.<ref>{{cite book|last=Schofield|first=R. B.|title=Benjamin Outram 1764β1805: an engineering biography|year=2000|publisher=Merton Priory|location=Cardiff|isbn=1-898937-42-7}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Wagonway Research Circle|title=Plateways/tramways β overview and list of some available resources|url=http://www.island-publishing.co.uk/WRC_mirror/wrc_plateways_contents.html|publisher=Island Publishing|date=20 May 2010}}</ref> From 1861 to 1872 another system with one central grooved rail was used in the Manchester region.<ref name="TWI">{{cite web |title=Horse Trams on Rail and Road |url=https://www.tramwayinfo.com/tramways/Articles/Ehorse.htm |website=www.tramwayinfo.com |access-date=16 February 2025}}</ref> ===Modern examples=== The first modern guided busway system was opened in 1980 in [[Essen]], Germany. This was initially a demonstration track, but it was periodically expanded and is still in operation as of 2019.<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://citytransport.info/OBahn.htm | title=Bus Priority Systems (Bus Rapid Transit) β Special Feature on Kerb Guided Buses (O-Bahn) }}</ref> The first guided busway in the United Kingdom was in [[Birmingham]], the [[Tracline 65]], {{convert|1968|ft|m}} long, experimentally in 1984.<ref>Tracline 65 ''[[Buses (magazine)|Buses]]'' issue 357 December 1984 page 538</ref> It closed in 1987.<ref>Back on Track ''[[Bus & Coach Preservation]]'' December 2019 pages 12β14</ref> Based on the experience in Essen, in 1986 the [[Government of South Australia]] opened the [[O-Bahn Busway]] in [[Adelaide]].<ref>O-Bahn is open for business ''[[Truck & Bus Transportation]]'' March 1986 pages 40β43</ref><ref>Adelaide's O-Bahn ''[[Australian Bus Panorama]]'' issue 1/5 May 1986 pages 3β8</ref> This is a 12-kilometre guided busway with 2 interchanges along the route. ([[Klemzig Interchange]] & [[Paradise Interchange]]) before ending at [[Tea Tree Plaza Interchange|Tee Tree Plaza Interchange]].<ref>The Adelaide O-Bahn Busway ''[[Australian Bus]]'' issue 32 March 2009 pages 23β27</ref> In [[Mannheim]], Germany, from May 1992 to September 2005 a guided busway shared the tram alignment for a few hundred metres, which allowed buses to avoid a congested stretch of road where there was no space for an extra traffic lane. It was discontinued, as the majority of buses fitted with guide wheels were withdrawn for age reasons. There are no plans to convert newer buses.<ref name="Smiler 1998 f728">{{cite web |last=Smiler |first=Simon |date=1998-01-20 |title=Special Feature On Kerb Guided Buses (O-Bahn) |url=https://citytransport.info/OBahn.htm |access-date=2024-02-11 |website=Bus Priority Systems (Bus Rapid Transit)}}</ref> The [[Yutorito Line|Nagoya Guideway Bus]] opened in March 2001 and is the only guided bus line in Japan. The [[Cambridgeshire Guided Busway]] between [[Cambridge]] and [[St Ives, Cambridgeshire|St Ives]], at {{convert|25|km|abbr=off}}, is the world's longest guided busway.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-cambridgeshire-14401265 | work=[[BBC News]] | title=Cambridgeshire guided busway opens to passengers | date=7 August 2011}}</ref> Between 2004 and 2008, a {{convert|1.5|km|0|order=flip|adj=on}} section of guided busway was in operation between [[Stenhouse, Edinburgh|Stenhouse]] and [[Broomhouse, Edinburgh|Broomhouse]] in the west of [[Edinburgh]]. The route was later converted for use by [[Edinburgh Trams|Edinburgh trams]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Β£10.5m bus project comes on track |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/4060529.stm |website=BBC News |access-date=21 August 2022 |date=2 December 2004}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Edinburgh Western Corridor Busway (Fastlink) |url=http://www.alanhowesworld.com/brt-bhls/fastlink/ |website=Alan Howes Associates |access-date=21 August 2022 |archive-date=30 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210730175628/http://www.alanhowesworld.com/brt-bhls/fastlink/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
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