Editing Jatropha (section)

==Uses==
{{Further|Jatropha curcas#Uses}}

The stems of haat (''[[Jatropha cuneata]]'') are used for basketmaking by the [[Seri people]] in [[Sonora]], Mexico. The stems are roasted, split and soaked through an elaborate process. The reddish dye that is often used is made from the root of another plant species, ''[[Krameria grayi]]''. Spicy jatropha (''[[Jatropha integerrima|J. integerrima]]'') is cultivated as an ornamental in the tropics for its continuously blooming [[crimson]] flowers. Buddha belly plant (''[[Jatropha podagrica|J. podagrica]]'') was used to [[Tanning (leather)|tan]] [[leather]] and produce a red [[dye]] in Mexico and the southwestern United States. It is also used as a house plant.

The oil from ''[[Jatropha curcas]]'' is mainly converted into biodiesel for use in [[diesel engine]]s.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Ajayebi |first1=Atta |title=Comparative life cycle assessment of biodiesel from algae and jatropha: A case study of India |journal=Bioresource Technology |date=2013 |volume=150 |pages=429–437 |doi=10.1016/j.biortech.2013.09.118 |pmid=24140355 |bibcode=2013BiTec.150..429A |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2013.09.118|url-access=subscription }}</ref> It is also used for thermal energy storage or as heat transfer fluid at medium and high temperature.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Kenda |first1=Eric Serge |last2=N’Tsoukpoe |first2=Kokouvi Edem |last3=Ouédraogo |first3=Igor W. K. |last4=Coulibaly |first4=Yézouma |last5=Py |first5=Xavier |last6=Ouédraogo |first6=Fabrice Marie Armel W. |date=2017-10-01 |title=Jatropha curcas crude oil as heat transfer fluid or thermal energy storage material for concentrating solar power plants |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0973082617301965 |journal=Energy for Sustainable Development |volume=40 |pages=59–67 |doi=10.1016/j.esd.2017.07.003 |bibcode=2017ESusD..40...59K |issn=0973-0826|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Gomna |first1=Aboubakar |last2=N’Tsoukpoe |first2=Kokouvi Edem |last3=Le Pierrès |first3=Nolwenn |last4=Coulibaly |first4=Yézouma |date=2020-04-15 |title=Thermal stability of a vegetable oil-based thermal fluid at high temperature |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/20421338.2020.1732080 |journal=African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development |language=en |volume=12 |issue=3 |pages=317–326 |doi=10.1080/20421338.2020.1732080 |issn=2042-1338|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=N’Tsoukpoe |first1=Kokouvi Edem |last2=Le Pierrès |first2=Nolwenn |last3=Seshie |first3=Yao Manu |last4=Coulibaly |first4=Yézouma |date=2021-02-23 |title=Technico-economic comparison of heat transfer fluids or thermal energy storage materials: A case study using Jatropha curcas oil |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/20421338.2020.1838082 |journal=African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development |language=en |volume=13 |issue=2 |pages=193–211 |doi=10.1080/20421338.2020.1838082 |issn=2042-1338|url-access=subscription }}</ref> The cake resulting from oil extraction, a protein-rich product, can be used for fish or animal feed (if detoxified). It is also a biomass feedstock to power electricity plants or to produce [[biogas]], and a high-quality organic [[fertilizer]].<ref>Heuzé V., Tran G., Edouard N., Renaudeau D., Bastianelli D., Lebas F., 2016. Jatropha (Jatropha sp.) kernel meal and other jatropha products. Feedipedia, a programme by INRA, CIRAD, AFZ and FAO. https://www.feedipedia.org/node/620 Last updated on April 15, 2016, 10:17</ref>

In 2007, [[Goldman Sachs]] cited ''Jatropha curcas'' as one of the best candidates for future [[biodiesel]] production.<ref name="online.wsj.com">[https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB118788662080906716?mod=googlenews_wsj Jatropha Plant Gains Steam In Global Race for Biofuels]</ref> It is resistant to [[drought]] and [[Pest (organism)|pest]]s, and produces [[seed]]s containing 27-40% [[Jatropha oil|oil]],<ref>Achten WMJ, Mathijs E, Verchot L, Singh VP, Aerts R, [[Bart Muys|Muys B]] 2007. Jatropha biodiesel fueling sustainability?. Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining 1(4), 283-291.[https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bbb.39 <!-- Bot generated title -->] {{doi|10.1002/bbb.39}}[https://perswww.kuleuven.be/~u0053809/Index.html The Jatropha Archives<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> averaging 34.4%.<ref>Achten WMJ, Verchot L, Franken YJ, Mathijs E, Singh VP, Aerts R, Muys B 2008. Jatropha bio-diesel production and use. (a literature review) Biomass and Bioenergy 32(12), 1063-1084.[https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2008.03.003 <!-- Bot generated title -->] {{doi|10.1016/j.biombioe.2008.03.003}}[https://perswww.kuleuven.be/~u0053809/Index.html The Jatropha Archives<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> The remaining press cake of jatropha seeds after oil extraction could also be considered for energy production.<ref>Jongschaap REE, Blesgraaf RAR, Boogaard TA, Van Loo EN, Savenije HHG. The water footprint of bioenergy from Jatropha curcas L. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 106(35)E92. {{doi|10.1073/pnas.0907272106}}</ref> However, despite their abundance and use as oil and [[Land reclamation|reclamation]] plants, none of the ''Jatropha'' species have been properly [[domestication|domesticated]] and, as a result, their productivity is variable, and the long-term impact of their large-scale use on [[soil quality]] and the environment is unknown.<ref name="WAC">World Agroforestry Centre (2007) [http://www.presa.worldagroforestry.org/newsroom/highlights/when-oil-grows-trees When oil grows on trees]{{Dead link|date=February 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} World Agroforestry Centre press release. 26 April 2009.</ref> 2009 research found that Jatropha biodiesel production requires significantly more water than other common [[biofuel crops]], and that initial yield estimates were high.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Morrison|first1=Chris|title=Miracle Biofuel Plant Jatropha Reveals Its Achilles Heel|url=http://www.cbsnews.com/news/miracle-biofuel-plant-jatropha-reveals-its-achilles-heel/|access-date=21 June 2016|agency=CBS Money Watch|publisher=CBS|date=9 June 2009}}</ref> Earlier, higher estimates from [[Worldwatch Institute]] had suggested that 1 acre of cultivation could yield 202 gallons (4.8 barrels) of biodiesel.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Cox|first1=Craig|title=After Oil|volume=5|issue=6, July/August 2007|publisher=Ode Magazine|page=54}}</ref>

''Jatropha curcas''  is also being studied for use as a [[carbon sequestration]] plant in arid regions.<ref>[http://www.earth-syst-dynam.net/4/237/2013/esd-4-237-2013.html K. Becker, V. Wulfmeyer, T. Berger, J. Gebel, and W. Münch: "K. Becker1, V. Wulfmeyer2, T. Berger3, J. Gebel4, and W. Münch", Earth system dynamics, 4, 237-251, 2013.]</ref>