Editing Mauve (section)

==Mauveine, the first commercial aniline dye==
{{main|Mauveine}}
The synthetic dye '''mauve''' was first so named in 1859. Chemist [[William Henry Perkin]], then 18, was attempting to synthesize [[quinine]] in 1856; quinine was used to treat [[malaria]].<ref>[http://lhldigital.lindahall.org/cdm/ref/collection/color/id/10048 ''Jubilee of the discovery of mauve and of the foundation of the coal-tar colour industry by Sir W. H. Perkin''] (1906) - digital facsimile from the [[Linda Hall Library]]</ref> He noticed an unexpected residue, which turned out to be the first [[aniline]] dye. Perkin originally named the dye [[Tyrian purple]] after the historical dye, but the product was renamed ''mauve'' after it was marketed in 1859.<ref>{{cite book|last=Travis|first=Anthony S.|title=The Rainbow Makers: The Origins of the Synthetic Dyestuffs Industry in Western Europe |date=1993|publisher=Lehigh Univ. Press|location=Bethlehem|isbn=978-0934223188|page=53}}</ref><ref name="StClair">{{Cite book|title=The Secret Lives of Colour|last=St. Clair|first=Kassia|publisher=John Murray|year=2016|isbn=9781473630819|location=London|pages=169–171|oclc=936144129}}</ref> It is now usually called ''Perkin's mauve'', ''mauveine'', or ''aniline purple''.

Earlier references to a mauve dye in 1856–1858 referred to a color produced using the semi-synthetic dye [[murexide]] or a mixture of natural dyes.<ref>{{cite book|last=Travis|first=Anthony S.|title=The Rainbow Makers: The Origins of the Synthetic Dyestuffs Industry in Western Europe|date=1993|publisher=Lehigh Univ. Press|location=Bethlehem|isbn=978-0934223188|pages=45–6}}</ref> Perkin was so successful in marketing his discovery to the dye industry that his 2000 biography by [[Simon Garfield]] is simply entitled ''Mauve''.<ref>{{cite book|author=Garfield, S.|year=2000|title=Mauve: How One Man Invented a Colour That Changed the World |publisher=Faber and Faber, London, UK|isbn=978-0-571-20197-6}}</ref> Between 1859 and 1861, mauve became a fashion must-have. The weekly journal ''[[All the Year Round]]'' described women wearing the colour as "all flying countryward, like so many migrating birds of purple paradise".<ref>{{Cite news|last=Garfield|first=Simon|date=2000-09-21|title=Simon Garfield on mauve|language=en-GB|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2000/sep/21/fiction.simongarfield|access-date=2020-05-27|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> [[Punch (magazine)|''Punch'' magazine]] published cartoons poking fun at the huge popularity of the colour: "The Mauve Measles are spreading to so serious an extent that it is high time to consider by what means [they] may be checked."<ref>{{Cite web|title=How Malaria Gave Us Mauve|url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-malaria-gave-us-mauve-180958427/|last=Blakemore|first=Erin|website=Smithsonian Magazine|language=en|access-date=2020-05-27}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Colors / Mauve {{!}} Shelley Jackson|url=http://cabinetmagazine.org/issues/28/jackson.php|last=Jackson|first=Shelley|website=cabinetmagazine.org|language=en|access-date=2020-05-27}}</ref>

But, because it faded easily, the success of mauve dye was short-lived; by 1873, it was replaced by other synthetic dyes.<ref>{{cite book|last=Travis|first=Anthony S.|title=The Rainbow Makers: The Origins of the Synthetic Dyestuffs Industry in Western Europe|date=1993|publisher=Lehigh Univ. Press|location=Bethlehem, PA|isbn=978-0934223188|page=61}}</ref> As the memory of the original dye soon receded, the contemporary understanding of mauve is as a lighter, less-saturated color than it was originally known.<ref>[http://www.straw.com/sig/dyehist.html ''History of Dyes from 2600 BC to 20th Century - natural dyes, synthetic''], by Susan C. Druding, 1982</ref>

The 1890s are sometimes referred to in retrospect as the "''Mauve Decade''" because of the popularity of the subtle color among progressive artistic types, both in Europe and the US.<ref>{{cite book
 |title        = The Mauve Decade: American Life At The End Of The Nineteenth Century
 |author       = Thomas Beer
 |publisher    = A. A. Knopf
 |year         = 1926
 |url          = http://gaslight.mtroyal.ab.ca/MauveX1.htm
 |access-date   = 5 February 2012
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20160303170713/http://gaslight.mtroyal.ab.ca/MauveX1.htm
 |archive-date = 2016-03-03
 |url-status     = dead
}}</ref>