Editing National Taiwan University (section)

== History ==

=== Imperial University (1928–1945) ===
[[File:Taihoku Imperial University.JPG|left|thumb|View of the entrance of Taihoku Imperial University, pictured during [[Japanese rule of Taiwan|Japanese colonial rule]] (1895–1945)]]
During the [[Taiwan under Japanese rule|Japanese rule of Taiwan]] (1895–1945), the [[Empire of Japan]] established the modern Taiwanese education system by installing educational institutions that used Western-style academic systems.{{Sfn|Lo|2014|p=19–20}} [[Den Kenjirō]], the [[Governor-General of Taiwan]], proposed the establishment of a university in Taiwan in 1922 and Japanese prime minister [[Tanaka Giichi]] presented a bill titled "Establishment of the Taiwan Imperial University" to the [[Cabinet of Japan]] on February 25, 1928.{{Sfn|Chiang|2008|p=12–13}} It was planned to be located on the grounds of the Taihoku Senior School of Agriculture and Forestry in [[Taihoku Prefecture]].{{Sfn|Chiang|2008|p=13}}

On March 16, 1928, National Taiwan University was founded as "Taihoku Imperial University" ({{langx|ja|台北帝国大学|Taihoku Teikoku Daigaku}}; {{zh|t=臺北帝國大學|p=Táiběi dìguó dàxué}}), the seventh of the Japanese Empire's [[Imperial Universities]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=About NTU - About - National Taiwan University |url=http://www.ntu.edu.tw/english/about/about.html |access-date=2018-11-20 |website=www.ntu.edu.tw |language=en}}</ref> It was Taiwan's first and only university and primarily served to promote [[Japanese culture]], assimilate the local population, and direct students to professions useful to colonial expansion.{{Sfn|Lo|2014|p=20}} The first [[freshman]] class was inaugurated on April 30, 1928, with classes beginning on May 5. Of the 1931 graduating class, 41 were Japanese and only five students were Taiwanese.{{Sfn|Chiang|2008|p=13}}{{Refn|The five Taiwanese graduates were: Seth Mackay Ko (History), De-Jyun Jhong (Politics), Ching-chung Hsu (Agriculture), Sing-wun Liu (Agriculture), and Yu-ze Cai (Agriculture).{{sfn|Chiang|2008|p=13}}|group=lower-alpha}} 

The first faculties founded at Taihoku Imperial University were the Faculty of Literature and Politics and the Faculty of Science and Agriculture, totalling 59 students. Subsequently, the Faculty of Medicine was established in 1935 and the Faculty of Engineering was established in 1943.{{Sfn|Grace|Hou|Chiang|Chan|2020|p=6}} The Faculty of Science and Agriculture was divided in 1943 as two separate colleges: the Faculty of Science and the Faculty of Agriculture.<ref name=":1" /> Because the university was considered a part of expanding the [[Japanese colonial empire]] in the [[Pacific Ocean]], it was supported by multiple Japanese scholars and received government [[research grant]]s for funding policy programs.{{Sfn|Grace|Hou|Chiang|Chan|2020|p=6}} Taiwanese students could not compete with Japanese students since the university prioritized Japanese enrollment.{{Sfn|Grace|Hou|Chiang|Chan|2020|p=6}} From 1928 to 1943, the university's student body was approximately 80 percent Japanese and 20 percent Taiwanese.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Zeng |first=Kangmin |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Dragon_Gate/wRWFBwgCwhsC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%22Taihoku+Imperial+University%22&pg=PA59&printsec=frontcover |title=Dragon Gate |date=1999-01-01 |publisher=A&C Black |isbn=978-1-84714-342-6 |pages=58–59 |language=en}}</ref> Of its more than 300 faculty members in 1940, all but one professorship was held by Japanese scholars.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Operations |first=United States Office of the Chief of Naval |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Taiwan_Formosa_Taihoku_Province/_YJxAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%22Taihoku+Imperial+University%22&pg=RA2-PA115&printsec=frontcover |title=Taiwan (Formosa) Taihoku Province |date=1944 |publisher=Office of the Chief of Naval Operations, Navy Department |pages=117–118 |language=en}}</ref>
[[File:Cca110001-hp-pb1203016p024-i.jpg|left|thumb|217x217px|Aerial view of the university during the 1930s]]
Taihoku college classes consisted of "lectures" taught by professors, assistant professors, and other faculty. By 1945, it had five colleges with a total of 114 lectures.<ref name=":1" /> The university's first president was Japanese historian {{Interlanguage link multi|Taira Shidehara|ja|3=幣原坦}} (1928–1937), a graduate of [[Tokyo Imperial University]] who was appointed to the presidency on March 16, 1928.{{Sfn|Chiang|2008|p=12, 13}} Japanese scholar [[Toyohachi Fujita]] (1869–1929) was appointed as the first dean of the Faculty of Literature and Politics while Kintaro Oshima was named the inaugural dean of the Faculty of Science and Agriculture.{{Sfn|Chiang|2008|p=13}} Enrollment years were shortened during [[World War II]] and university functions were limited following the American [[Raid on Taipei|bombing of Taipei]].{{Sfn|Chiang|2008|p=14–15}}

=== National University (1945–present) ===
[[File:臺灣大學原帝大校舍─舊總圖書館(現校史館).JPG|thumb|The Old Main Library building (pictured) was repurposed as a gallery dedicated to NTU's history.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-10-20 |title=Old Main Library(Gallery of NTU History) |url=https://visitorcenter.ntu.edu.tw/eng/News_Photo_Content_n_74866_s_82550.html |access-date=2025-03-27 |website=VisitorCenterEn |language=en}}</ref>]]
After the [[Surrender of Japan]] in September 1945, the government of the [[Republic of China (1912–1949)|Republic of China]] (ROC) assumed control of the university and initiated [[sinicization]] reforms. On August 15, 1945, the [[Kuomintang]] government appointed [[Lo Tsung-lo]], a Japanese-educated academic, to oversee the transition of Taihoku's curriculum, teaching system, and faculties from its Japanese administration. At the time, the university had 1,614 faculty and staff members to teach 1,767 students, 351 of whom were Taiwanese. All Japanese students were later transferred back to Japan.{{Sfn|Chiang|2008|p=15}}   

Under the Kuomintang, the ROC government initiated a program of reforming all universities and colleges in accordance with Chinese models that incorporated American academics, administration, and organization, in addition to installing American curriculum and degree requirements.{{Sfn|Grace|Hou|Chiang|Chan|2020|p=6–7}} Reforms also had the goal of reversing the [[Japanization]] that had influenced Taiwan during Japanese rule.{{Sfn|Lo|2014|p=20}} Universities and colleges were opened to Taiwanese students without restrictions; Taihoku Imperial University was renamed "National Taiwan University" and it was reorganized and expanded to six faculties: Liberal Arts, Law, Science, Medicine, Engineering, and Agriculture.{{Sfn|Grace|Hou|Chiang|Chan|2020|p=7}} Up to 500 students could enroll in each faculty and the enrollment period was standardized to four years as opposed to the Japanese system of three to six years.{{Sfn|Grace|Hou|Chiang|Chan|2020|p=7}}

In the following decades, National Taiwan University underwent rapid expansion. A [[night school]] was established to provide [[continuing education]] for adults in 1955 and the NTU Research Library was completed in 1968.{{Sfn|Chiang|2008|p=20–25}} The College of Management, the College of Public Health, and the College of Electrical Engineering were established in 1987, 1993, and 1997, respectively. The NTU Department of Law was expanded to the NTU College of Law in 1999 and the College of Life Science was established in 2003.<ref name=":1" /> In November 2003, the university consisted of ten colleges, 52 academic departments, 82 graduate institutes, 1,778 full-time faculty, and more than 27,000 students.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Teng |first=Sue-feng |date=November 2003 |title=NTU at Three Quarters of a Century |url=https://www.taiwan-panorama.com/en/Articles/Details?Guid=e8bcaa3b-52f3-48a1-9291-d06a6c9be3a4&CatId=11&postname=NTU%20at%20Three%20Quarters%20of%20a%20Century |access-date=2025-03-27 |website=[[Taiwan Panorama]] |publisher=[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Taiwan)|Ministry of Foreign Affairs]]}}</ref> By 2009, NTU grew to 54 departments, 100 graduate institutes (which offer 100 master's programs and 91 doctoral programs in total), and 25 research centers, including the Center for Condensed Matter Sciences, the Center for Biotechnology, the Japanese Research Center, and others.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2009 |title=National Taiwan University_Brief History |url=https://ntuweb.cloud.ntu.edu.tw/oldenglish/about/history.html |access-date=2025-03-28 |website=ntuweb.cloud.ntu.edu.tw}}</ref>