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Om
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== Common names and synonyms == The syllable ''Om'' is referred to by many names, including: * ''{{IAST|Praṇava}}'' ({{lang|sa|प्रणव}}); literally, "fore-sound", referring to ''Om'' as the primeval sound.<ref>James Lochtefeld (2002), Pranava, ''The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism'', Vol. 2: N-Z, Rosen Publishing. {{ISBN|978-0823931804}}, page 522</ref><ref>Paul Deussen, ''Sixty Upanishads of the Veda'', Volume 1, Motilal Banarsidass, {{ISBN|978-8120814684}}, pages 74-75, 347, 364, 667</ref> * ''{{IAST|Oṅkāra}}'' ({{lang|sa|ओङ्कार}}) or ''{{IAST|oṃkāra}}'' ({{lang|sa|ओंकार}}); literally, "''Om''-maker", denoting the first source of the sound ''Om'' and connoting the [[Creationism#Hinduism|act of creation]].<ref>Diana Eck (2013), ''India: A Sacred Geography'', Random House, {{ISBN|978-0385531924}}, page 245</ref><ref>R Mehta (2007), ''The Call of the Upanishads'', Motilal Barnarsidass, {{ISBN|978-8120807495}}, page 67</ref><ref>[http://spokensanskrit.de/index.php?script=HK&beginning=0+&tinput=omkara&trans=Translate&direction=AU Omkara], ''Sanskrit-English Dictionary'', University of Koeln, Germany</ref><ref>CK Chapple, W Sargeant (2009), ''The Bhagavad Gita'', Twenty-fifth–Anniversary Edition, State University of New York Press, {{ISBN|978-1438428420}}, page 435</ref> ** ''{{lang|pa-Latn|[[Ik Onkar|Ik Oṅkār]]}}'' ({{lang|pa|ੴ or ਇੱਕ ਓਅੰਕਾਰ}}); literally, "one ''Om''-maker", and an [[Names of God#Sikhism|epithet of God]] in [[Sikhism]]. (see [[#Sikhism|below]]). * ''{{IAST|Udgītha}}'' ({{lang|sa|उद्गीथ}}); meaning "song, chant", a word found in [[Samaveda]] and ''bhasya'' (commentaries) based on it. It is also used as a name of the syllable Om in Chandogya Upanishad.<ref>Max Muller, [https://archive.org/stream/upanishads01ml#page/n123/mode/2up Chandogya Upanishad], The Upanishads, Part I, Oxford University Press, page 12 with footnote 1</ref> * ''{{IAST|[[Aksara|Akṣara]]}}'' ({{lang|sa|अक्षर}}); literally, "imperishable, immutable", and also "letter of the alphabet" or "syllable". ** ''{{IAST|Ekākṣara}}''; literally, "one letter of the alphabet", referring to its representation as a single [[Ligature (writing)|ligature]]. (see [[#Written representations|below]])
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