Editing Systems science (section)

== Associated fields ==
The systems sciences are a broad array of fields. One way of conceiving of these is in three groups: fields that have developed systems ideas primarily through theory; those that have done so primarily through practical engagements with problem situations; and those that have applied ideas for other disciplines.<ref>[[Peter Checkland]]. 1981. Systems Thinking, Systems Practice. Chichester: Wiley.</ref>

===Theoretical fields===
====Chaos and dynamical systems====
{{Main|Chaos theory|Dynamical systems theory}}

====Complexity====
{{Main|Complex system}}

====Control theory====
{{Main|Control theory}}
* [[Affect control theory]]
* [[Control engineering]]
* [[Control systems]]

====Cybernetics====
{{Main|Cybernetics}}
* [[Autopoiesis]]
* [[Conversation theory|Conversation Theory]]
* [[Engineering cybernetics|Engineering Cybernetics]]
* [[Perceptual control theory|Perceptual Control Theory]]
* [[Management cybernetics|Management Cybernetics]]
* [[Second-order cybernetics|Second-Order Cybernetics]]
* [[Cyber–physical system|Cyber-Physical Systems]]
* [[Artificial Intelligence]]
* [[Synthetic Intelligence]]

====Information theory====
{{Main|Information theory}}

====General systems theory====
{{Main|Systems theory}}
{{See also|List of types of systems theory}}
* [[Systems theory in anthropology]]
* [[Biochemical systems theory]]
* [[Ecological systems theory]]
* [[Developmental systems theory]]
* [[General systems theory]]
* [[Living systems theory]]
* [[LTI system theory]]
* [[Social systems]]
* [[Sociotechnical systems theory]]
* [[Mathematical system theory]]
* [[World-systems theory]]

====Hierarchy Theory====
{{Main|Hierarchy theory}}

===Practical fields===
{{See also|Systems thinking}}

====Critical systems thinking====
{{Main|Critical systems thinking}}

====Operations research and management science====
{{Main|Operations research|Management science}}

====Soft systems methodology ====
{{Main|Soft systems methodology}}
The soft systems methodology was developed in [[England]] by academics at the [[University of Lancaster]] Systems Department through a ten-year [[action research]] programme. The main contributor is [[Peter Checkland]] (born 18 December 1930, in Birmingham, UK), a British management scientist and emeritus professor of systems at Lancaster University.

====Systems analysis====
{{Main|Systems analysis}}
Systems analysis branch of systems science that analyzes systems, the interactions within those systems, or interaction with its environment,<ref name="AD 1971">Anthony Debons. "Command and Control: Technology and Social Impact" in:  ''Advances in computers,'' Vol. 11. Franz L. Alt & Morris Rubinoff eds. (1971). p. 362</ref> often prior to their automation as computer models. Systems analysis is closely associated with the [[RAND corporation]].

====Systemic design====
{{Main|Systemic design}}
Systemic design integrates methodologies from [[systems thinking]] with advanced design practices to address complex, multi-stakeholder situations.

====Systems dynamics====
{{Main|Systems dynamics}}{{See also|Social dynamics|Jay Forrester|Donella Meadows}}
:[[System dynamics]] is an approach to understanding the behavior of [[complex system]]s over time. It offers "simulation technique for modeling business and social systems",<ref>Center for Complex Adaptive Agent Systems Simulation Argonne National Laboratory (2007) ''Managing Business Complexity : Discovering Strategic Solutions with Agent-Based Modeling and Simulation: Discovering Strategic Solutions with Agent-Based Modeling and Simulation.'' Oxford University Press. p. 55</ref> which deals with internal feedback loops and time delays that affect the behavior of the entire system.  What makes using system dynamics different from other approaches to studying complex systems is the use of [[feedback]] loops and [[Stock and flow|stocks and flows]].

==== Systems engineering ====
{{Main|Systems engineering|Systems design}}
:Systems engineering (SE) is an interdisciplinary field of [[engineering]], that focuses on the development and organization of complex [[system]]s. It is the "art and science of creating whole solutions to complex problems",<ref>Derek K. Hitchins (2008) ''Systems Engineering: A 21st Century Systems Methodology.'' p. 100</ref>  for example: [[signal processing]] systems, [[control system]]s and [[communication system]], or other forms of high-level modelling and design in specific fields of engineering. Systems Science is foundational to the [[Embedded software development|Embedded Software Development]] that is founded in the embedded requirements of Systems Engineering.
* [[Aerospace Engineering|Aerospace systems]]
* [[Biological systems engineering]]
* [[Earth systems engineering and management]]
* [[Electronics|Electronic systems]]
* [[Enterprise systems engineering]]
* [[Software systems]]
* [[Systems analysis]]

=== Applications in other disciplines ===
==== Earth system science ====
{{Main|Earth system science}}
* [[Climate Science|Climate systems]]
* [[Systems geology]]

==== Systems biology ====
{{Main|Systems biology}}
* [[Computational systems biology]]
* [[Synthetic biology]]
* [[Systems immunology]]
* [[Systems neuroscience]]

==== Systems chemistry ====
{{Main|Systems chemistry}}

==== Systems ecology ====
{{Main|Systems ecology}}
* [[Ecosystem ecology]]
* [[Agroecology]]

==== Systems psychology ====
{{Main|Systems psychology}}
* [[Ergonomics]]
* [[Family systems theory]]
* [[Systemic therapy]]