Editing Euro (section)

==Coins and banknotes==
===Coins===
{{Main|Euro coins}}
[[File:Croatian euro coins (10).jpg|thumb|[[Euro coins]] with Croatian national sides]]

The euro is divided into 100 [[cent (currency)|cents]] (also referred to as ''euro cents'', especially when distinguishing them from other currencies, and referred to as such on the common side of all cent coins). In Community legislative acts the plural forms of ''euro'' and ''cent'' are spelled without the ''s'', notwithstanding normal English usage.<ref name="ec.europa.eu">{{cite web|url=http://ec.europa.eu/economy_finance/euro/cash/symbol/index_en.htm |title= How to use the euro name and symbol |publisher=European Commission |access-date=7 April 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://ec.europa.eu/economy_finance/publications/publication6336_en.pdf |title=Spelling of the words "euro" and "cent" in official Community languages as used in Community Legislative acts |access-date=26 November 2008 |author=European Commission }}</ref> Otherwise, normal English plurals are used,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ec.europa.eu/translation/writing/style_guides/english/style_guide_en.pdf |title=English Style Guide: A handbook for authors and translators in the European Commission |access-date=16 November 2008 |author=European Commission Directorate-General for Translation |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101205092625/http://ec.europa.eu/translation/writing/style_guides/english/style_guide_en.pdf |archive-date=5 December 2010 }}; {{cite web |url=http://publications.europa.eu/code/en/en-370303.htm |title=Interinstitutional style guide, 7.3.3. Rules for expressing monetary units |access-date=16 November 2008 |author=European Union }}</ref> with many [[Linguistic issues concerning the euro|local variations]] such as ''centime'' in France.

All circulating coins have a ''common side'' showing the denomination or value, and a map in the background. Due to the [[Languages of the European Union|linguistic plurality in the European Union]], the Latin alphabet version of ''euro'' is used (as opposed to the less common Greek or Cyrillic) and [[Arabic numerals]] (other text is used on national sides in national languages, but other text on the common side is avoided). For the denominations except the 1-, 2- and 5-cent coins, the map only showed the 15 member states of the union as of 2002. Beginning in 2007 or 2008 (depending on the country), the old map was replaced by a map of Europe also showing countries outside the [[European Union|EU]].<ref name="europa-common_sides">{{cite web |title=Common sides of euro coins |url=https://economy-finance.ec.europa.eu/euro/euro-coins-and-notes/euro-coins/common-sides-euro-coins_en |website=Europa |publisher=European Commission |access-date=30 December 2023}}</ref> The 1-, 2- and 5-cent coins, however, keep their old design, showing a geographical map of Europe with the [[European Union|EU]] member states as of 2002, raised somewhat above the rest of the map. All common sides were designed by [[Luc Luycx]]. The coins also have a ''national side'' showing an image specifically chosen by the country that issued the coin. Euro coins from any member state may be freely used in any nation that has adopted the euro.

The coins are issued in denominations of [[2 euro coins|€2]], [[1 euro coins|€1]], [[50 euro cent coin|50c]], [[20 euro cent coin|20c]], [[10 euro cent coin|10c]], [[5 euro cent coin|5c]], [[2 euro cent coin|2c]], and [[1 euro cent coin|1c]]. To avoid the use of the two smallest coins, some cash transactions are rounded to the nearest five cents in the Netherlands and Ireland<ref>{{cite web|url=http://neurope.eu/article/ireland-to-round-to-nearest-5-cents-starting-october-28/|title=Ireland to round to nearest 5 cents starting October 28|date=27 October 2015|access-date=17 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306012032/http://neurope.eu/article/ireland-to-round-to-nearest-5-cents-starting-october-28/|archive-date=6 March 2016|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.centralbank.ie/paycurr/Pages/rounding.aspx|title=Rounding |website= Central Bank of Ireland}}</ref> (by voluntary agreement) and in Finland and Italy (by law).<ref>{{cite web|author=European Commission|author-link=European Commission|title=Euro cash: five and familiar |url=http://ec.europa.eu/economy_finance/een/005/article_4324_en.htm |publisher=[[Europa (web portal)|Europa]] |date = January 2007|access-date=26 January 2009}}</ref> This practice is discouraged by the commission, as is the practice of certain shops of refusing to accept high-value euro notes.<ref>Pop, Valentina (22 March 2010) [http://euobserver.com/?aid=29737 "Commission frowns on shop signs that say: '€500 notes not accepted{{'"}}], ''[[EU Observer]]''</ref>

[[€2 commemorative coins|Commemorative coins]] with €2 face value have been issued with changes to the design of the national side of the coin. These include both commonly issued coins, such as the €2 commemorative coin for the fiftieth anniversary of the signing of the Treaty of Rome, and nationally issued coins, such as the coin to commemorate the [[2004 Summer Olympics]] issued by Greece. These coins are legal tender throughout the eurozone. Collector coins with various other denominations have been issued as well, but these are not intended for general circulation, and they are legal tender only in the member state that issued them.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/economic_and_monetary_affairs/introducing_euro_practical_aspects/l25058_en.htm |title=Commission communication: The introduction of euro banknotes and coins one year after COM(2002) 747 |access-date=26 January 2009 |author=European Commission |publisher=Europa (web portal) |date=15 February 2003}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
| [[File: 1 Cent-Vatican-Franciscus-Series 1.jpg |115px]] 
| [[File:1€-Vatican Franciscus-Revers.jpg|1€-Vatican_Franciscus-Revers| 115px]] 
| [[File:1€-Vatican-Benedikt XVI-Revers.jpg |115px]] 
|-
|}

Vatican Euro coins with images of [[Pope Francis]] and [[Pope Benedict XVI]]

====Coin minting====
A number of institutions are authorised to mint euro coins:
{{div col|colwidth=25em}}
* [[Bavarian Central Mint|Bayerisches Hauptmünzamt]] ([[Mint mark]]: D)
* [[Currency Centre]]
* [[Royal Mint (Spain)|Real Casa de la Moneda]]
* [[Hamburgische Münze]] (J)
* [[Croatian Mint|Hrvatska kovnica novca]]
* {{ill|Banknote and Securities Printing Foundation|el}}
* [[Imprensa Nacional-Casa da Moeda]]
* [[Istituto Poligrafico e Zecca dello Stato]]
* [[Royal Belgian Mint|Koninklijke Munt van België/Monnaie Royale de Belgique]]
* [[Royal Dutch Mint|Koninklijke Nederlandse Munt]]
* [[Lithuanian Mint|Lietuvos monetų kalykla]]
* [[Kremnica Mint|Mincovňa Kremnica]]
* [[Monnaie de Paris]]
* [[Austrian Mint|Münze Österreich]]
* [[Mint of Finland|Suomen Rahapaja/Myntverket i Finland]]
* [[Staatliche Münze Berlin]] (A)
* [[Staatliche Münzen Baden-Württemberg]] (F): Stuttgart, (G): Karlsruhe
{{div col end}}

===Banknotes===
{{Main|Euro banknotes}}
[[File:Various Euro banknotes.jpg|thumb|Euro banknotes of various denominations]]

The design for the [[euro banknotes]] has common designs on both sides. The design was created by the Austrian designer [[Robert Kalina]].<ref name="euro96">{{cite web|url=http://www.ecb.int/euro/changeover/2002/photos/html/image12.en.html |title=Robert Kalina, designer of the euro banknotes, at work at the Oesterreichische Nationalbank in Vienna |publisher=European Central Bank |access-date=30 May 2010}}</ref> Notes are issued in [[500 euro note|€500]], [[200 euro note|€200]], [[100 euro note|€100]], [[50 euro note|€50]], [[20 euro note|€20]], [[10 euro note|€10]], and [[5 euro note|€5]]. Each banknote has its own colour and is dedicated to an artistic period of European architecture. The front of the note features windows or gateways while the back has bridges, symbolising links between states in the union and with the future. While the designs are supposed to be devoid of any identifiable characteristics, the initial designs by Robert Kalina were of specific bridges, including the [[Rialto]] and the [[Pont de Neuilly]], and were subsequently rendered more generic; the final designs still bear very close similarities to their specific prototypes; thus they are not truly generic. The monuments looked similar enough to different national monuments to please everyone.<ref>{{cite news|last=Schmid |first=John |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/08/03/news/03iht-euro_ed3_.html |title=Etching the Notes of a New European Identity|work=International Herald Tribune |date=3 August 2001 |access-date=29 May 2009}}</ref>

The Europa series, or second series, consists of six denominations and no longer includes the €500 with issuance discontinued as of 27 April 2019.<ref name="Bank">{{Cite web|title=Banknotes|url=https://www.ecb.europa.eu/euro/banknotes/html/index.en.html|website=European Central Bank|access-date=2020-05-10}}</ref> However, both the first and the second series of euro banknotes, including the €500, remain legal tender throughout the euro area.<ref name="Bank"/>

In December 2021, the ECB announced its plans to redesign euro banknotes by 2024. A theme advisory group, made up of one member from each euro area country, was selected to submit theme proposals to the ECB. The proposals will be voted on by the public; a design competition will also be held.<ref>{{cite journal|title=ECB to redesign euro banknotes by 2024 |url=https://www.ecb.europa.eu/press/pr/date/2021/html/ecb.pr211206~a9e0ba2198.en.html |access-date=7 December 2021 |date=6 December 2021|website=European Central Bank}}</ref>

====Issuing modalities for banknotes====
Since 1 January 2002, the national central banks (NCBs) and the [[European Central Bank|ECB]] have issued euro banknotes on a joint basis.<ref name="Scheller">{{Cite book|url=https://www.ecb.europa.eu/pub/pdf/other/ecbhistoryrolefunctions2006en.pdf|quote=Since 1 January 2002, the NCBs and the ECB have issued euro banknotes on a joint basis. |title=The European Central Bank: History, Role and Functions|first=Hanspeter K. |last=Scheller |edition=2nd |date= 2006|isbn=978-92-899-0027-0 |page=103|publisher=European Central Bank }}</ref> Eurosystem NCBs are required to accept euro banknotes put into circulation by other Eurosystem members and these banknotes are not repatriated. The ECB issues 8% of the total value of banknotes issued by the Eurosystem.<ref name="Scheller"/> In practice, the ECB's banknotes are put into circulation by the NCBs, thereby incurring matching liabilities vis-à-vis the ECB. These liabilities carry interest at the main refinancing rate of the ECB. The other 92% of euro banknotes are issued by the NCBs in proportion to their respective shares of the ECB capital key,<ref name="Scheller"/> calculated using national share of European Union (EU) population and national share of EU GDP, equally weighted.<ref>
{{cite web
|url=http://www.ecb.int/ecb/orga/capital/html/index.en.html
|title=Capital Subscription
|publisher=European Central Bank
|access-date=18 December 2011
|quote=The NCBs' shares in this capital are calculated using a key which reflects the respective country's share in the total population and gross domestic product of the EU&nbsp;– in equal weightings. The ECB adjusts the shares every five years and whenever a new country joins the EU. The adjustment is done on the basis of data provided by the European Commission.
}}
</ref>

{| class="wikitable"  style="margin:auto; font-size:90%;"
!colspan="2"| Image !!rowspan="2"| Value !!rowspan="2"| Year !!rowspan="2"| Dimensions<br />(millimetres) !!rowspan="2" colspan="3"| Main colour !!colspan="2"| Design !!colspan="2" rowspan="2"| Printer code position
|- The age of iron and glass
! Obverse !! Reverse !! Architecture !! Century
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| [[File:EUR 5 obverse (2013 issue).png|border|86px]]
| style="text-align:center;"| [[File:EUR 5 reverse (2013 issue).png|border|86px]]
! [[5 euro note|€5]]{{anchor|5}}
| 2013
| style="text-align:center;"| 120 × 62&nbsp;mm
|  style="text-align:center; background:#ccc;" colspan="2"|
| Grey<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ecb.europa.eu/euro/banknotes/denominations/html/index.en.html#es2-005|title=Denominations Europa series €5|date=13 September 2018 |access-date=2019-06-17|publisher=European Central Bank}}</ref>
| [[Classical architecture|Classical]]
| 8th BC–4th AD
| Top right
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| [[File:EUR 10 obverse (2014 issue).png|border|91px]]
| style="text-align:center;"| [[File:EUR 10 reverse (2014 issue).png|border|91px]]
! [[10 euro note|€10]]{{anchor|10}}
| 2014
| style="text-align:center;"| 127 × 67&nbsp;mm
|  style="text-align:center; background:#f99;" colspan="2"|
| Red<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ecb.europa.eu/euro/banknotes/denominations/html/index.en.html#es2-010|title=Denominations Europa series €10|date=13 September 2018 |access-date=2019-06-17|publisher=European Central Bank}}</ref>
| [[Romanesque architecture|Romanesque]]
| 11–12th
| Top right
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| [[File:The Europa series 20 € obverse side.jpg|border|95px]]
| style="text-align:center;"| [[File:The Europa series 20 € reverse side.jpg|border|95px]]
! [[20 euro note|€20]]{{anchor|20}}
| 2015
| style="text-align:center;"| 133 × 72&nbsp;mm
|  style="text-align:center; background:#9cf;" colspan="2"|
| Blue<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ecb.europa.eu/euro/banknotes/denominations/html/index.en.html#es2-020|title=Denominations Europa series €20|date=13 September 2018 |access-date=2019-06-17|publisher=European Central Bank}}</ref>
| [[Gothic architecture|Gothic]]
| 13–14th
| Top right
|- style="height:62px"
| style="text-align:center;"| [[File:The Europa series 50 € obverse side.png|border|100px]]
| style="text-align:center;"| [[File:The Europa series 50 € reverse side.png|border|100px]]
! [[50 euro note|€50]]{{anchor|50}}
| 2017
| style="text-align:center;"| 140 × 77&nbsp;mm
|  style="text-align:center; background:#f93;" colspan="2"|
| Orange<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ecb.europa.eu/euro/banknotes/denominations/html/index.en.html#es2-050|title=Denominations Europa series €50|date=13 September 2018 |access-date=2019-06-17|publisher=European Central Bank}}</ref>
| [[Renaissance architecture|Renaissance]]
| 15–16th
| Top right
|- style="height:62px"
| style="text-align:center;"| [[File:The Europa series 100 € obverse side.jpg|border|105px]]
| style="text-align:center;"| [[File:The Europa series 100 € reverse side.jpg|border|105px]]
! [[100 euro note|€100]]{{anchor|100}}
| 2019
| style="text-align:center;"| 147 × 77&nbsp;mm
|  style="text-align:center; background:#8cd653;" colspan="2"|
| Green<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ecb.europa.eu/euro/banknotes/denominations/html/index.en.html#es2-100|title=Denominations Europa series €100|date=13 September 2018 |access-date=2019-06-17|publisher=European Central Bank}}</ref>
| [[Baroque]] & [[Rococo]]
| 17–18th
| Top right
|- style="height:62px"
| style="text-align:center;"| [[File:The Europa series 200 € obverse side.jpg|border|109px]]
| style="text-align:center;"| [[File:The Europa series 200 € reverse side.jpg|border|109px]]
! [[200 euro note|€200]]{{anchor|200}}
| 2019
| style="text-align:center;"| 153 × 77&nbsp;mm
| style="text-align:center; background:#ffcc33;"" colspan="2"|
| Yellow<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ecb.europa.eu/euro/banknotes/denominations/html/index.en.html#es2-200|title=Denominations Europa series €200|date=13 September 2018 |access-date=2019-06-17|publisher=European Central Bank}}</ref>
| [[Art Nouveau]]
| 19th
| Top right
|-
|colspan="11"|{{Standard banknote table notice|standard_scale=Y|BrE=Y}}
|}

====Banknote printing====
Member states are authorised to print or to commission bank note printing. {{as of|November 2022}}, these are the printers:
{{div col|colwidth=25em}}
* [[Istituto Poligrafico e Zecca dello Stato]]
* [[Banco de Portugal]]
* [[Bank of Greece]]
* [[Bank of France]]
* [[Bundesdruckerei]]
* [[Central Bank of Ireland]]
* [[De La Rue]]
* [[Royal Mint (Spain)|Real Casa de la Moneda]]
* [[François-Charles Oberthür]]
* [[Giesecke+Devrient]]
* [[Joh. Enschedé|Royal Joh. Enschedé]]
* [[National Bank of Belgium]]
* [[Oesterreichische Nationalbank]]
* [[Setec (Company of Finland)|Setec Oy]]
{{div col end}}

===Payments clearing, electronic funds transfer===
{{Main|Single Euro Payments Area}}

Capital within the EU may be transferred in any amount from one state to another. All intra-Union transfers in euro are treated as domestic transactions and bear the corresponding domestic transfer costs.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:32001R2560:EN:HTML|title=Regulation (EC) No 2560/2001 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 19 December 2001 on cross-border payments in euro |publisher=EUR-lex&nbsp;– European Communities, Publications office, Official Journal L 344, 28 December 2001 P. 0013&nbsp;– 0016 |access-date=26 December 2008}}</ref> This includes all member states of the EU, even those outside the eurozone providing the transactions are carried out in euro.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.euro.gov.uk/crossborder.asp |title=Cross border payments in the EU, Euro Information, The Official Treasury Euro Resource |publisher=United Kingdom Treasury |access-date=26 December 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081201114647/http://www.euro.gov.uk/crossborder.asp |archive-date=1 December 2008 }}</ref> Credit/debit card charging and ATM withdrawals within the eurozone are also treated as domestic transactions; however paper-based payment orders, like cheques, have not been standardised so these are still domestic-based. The ECB has also set up a [[clearing (finance)|clearing system]], [[T2 (RTGS)|T2]] since March 2023, for large euro transactions.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ecb.int/paym/target/html/index.en.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080121081217/http://www.ecb.int/paym/target/html/index.en.html |archive-date=21 January 2008 |title=TARGET |author=European Central Bank |access-date=25 October 2007}}</ref>