Editing Magnetoreception (section)

=== In molluscs ===

The giant sea slug ''[[Tochuina gigantea]]'' (formerly ''T. tetraquetra''), a [[mollusc]], orients its body between north and east prior to a full moon.<ref name="Lohmann Willows 1987">{{cite journal |last1=Lohmann |first1=K. J. |last2=Willows |first2=A. O. D. |year=1987 |title=Lunar-Modulated Geomagnetic Orientation by a Marine Mollusk |journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]] |volume=235 |issue=4786 |pages=331–334 |doi=10.1126/science.3798115 |pmid=3798115 |bibcode=1987Sci...235..331L }}</ref> A 1991 experiment offered a right turn to geomagnetic south and a left turn to geomagnetic east (a [[Y maze|Y-shaped maze]]). 80% of ''Tochuina'' made a turn to magnetic east. When the field was reversed, the animals displayed no preference for either turn.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Lohmann |first1=K. J. |last2=Willows |last3=Pinter |first3=R. B. |year=1991 |title=An identifiable molluscan neuron responds to changes in earth-strength magnetic fields |journal=[[Journal of Experimental Biology]] |volume=161 |issue=1 |pages=1–24 |doi=10.1242/jeb.161.1.1 |pmid=1757771 |doi-access=free |bibcode=1991JExpB.161....1L }}</ref><ref name="Wang Cain Lohmann pp. 1043–1049" /> ''Tochuina''{{'}}s nervous system is composed of individually identifiable [[neuron]]s, four of which are stimulated by changes in the applied magnetic field, and two which are inhibited by such changes.<ref name="Wang Cain Lohmann pp. 1043–1049">{{cite journal |last1=Wang |first1=John H. |last2=Cain |first2=Shaun D. |last3=Lohmann |first3=Kenneth J. |title=Identifiable neurons inhibited by Earth-strength magnetic stimuli in the mollusc Tritonia diomedea |journal=[[Journal of Experimental Biology]] |volume=207 |issue=6 |date=22 February 2004 |doi=10.1242/jeb.00864 |pages=1043–1049|pmid=14766962 |s2cid=13439801 |url=https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/downloads/p8418x70f |doi-access=free |bibcode=2004JExpB.207.1043W }}</ref> The tracks of the similar species ''[[Tritonia exsulans]]'' become more variable in direction when close to strong [[rare-earth magnet]]s placed in their natural habitat, suggesting that the animal uses its magnetic sense continuously to help it travel in a straight line.<ref name="Wyeth Holden Jalala Murray 2021">{{cite journal |last1=Wyeth |first1=Russell C. |last2=Holden |first2=Theora |last3=Jalala |first3=Hamed |last4=Murray |first4=James A. |title=Rare-Earth Magnets Influence Movement Patterns of the Magnetically Sensitive Nudibranch Tritonia exsulans in Its Natural Habitat |journal=[[The Biological Bulletin]] |volume=240 |issue=2 |date=1 April 2021 |doi=10.1086/713663 |pages=105–117|pmid=33939940 |s2cid=233485664 }}</ref>