Editing Magnetoreception (section)

=== In insects ===

The fruit fly ''[[Drosophila melanogaster]]'' may be able to orient to magnetic fields. In one [[Preference tests (animals)|choice test]], flies were loaded into an apparatus with two arms that were surrounded by electric coils. Current was run through each of the coils, but only one was configured to produce a 5-Gauss magnetic field (about ten times stronger than the Earth's magnetic field) at a time. The flies were trained to associate the magnetic field with a sucrose reward. Flies with an altered cryptochrome, such as with an antisense mutation, were not sensitive to magnetic fields.<ref name="Gegear2008">{{cite journal |last1=Gegear |first1=Robert J. |last2=Casselman |first2=Amy |last3=Waddell |first3=Scott |last4=Reppert |first4=Steven M. |date=August 2008 |title=Cryptochrome mediates light-dependent magnetosensitivity in ''Drosophila'' |journal=[[Nature (journal)|Nature]] |volume=454 |issue=7207 |pages=1014–1018 |bibcode=2008Natur.454.1014G |doi=10.1038/nature07183 |pmc=2559964 |pmid=18641630}}</ref>

Magnetoreception has been studied in detail in insects including [[honey bee]]s, [[ant]]s and [[termite]]s.<ref name="Pereira-Bomfim 2015">{{cite journal |last1=Pereira-Bomfim |first1=M.D.G.C. |last2=Antonialli-Junior |first2=W.F. |last3=Acosta-Avalos |first3=D. |year=2015 |title=Effect of magnetic field on the foraging rhythm and behavior of the swarm-founding paper wasp Polybia paulista Ihering (hymenoptera: vespidae) |journal=Sociobiology |volume=62 |issue=1 |pages=99–104 |doi=<!-- BROKEN! (2022) 10.13102/sociobiology.v62i1.99-104 |doi-access=free--> |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/277898225}}</ref> Ants and bees navigate using their magnetic sense both locally (near their nests) and when migrating.<ref name="Wajnberg 2010">{{cite journal |last1=Wajnberg |first1=E. |author2=Acosta-Avalos, D. |author3=Alves, O.C. |author4=de Oliveira, J.F. |author5=Srygley, R.B. |author6=Esquivel, D.M. |year=2010 |title=Magnetoreception in eusocial insects: An update |journal=[[Journal of the Royal Society Interface]] |volume=7 |issue=Suppl 2 |pages=S207–S225 |doi=10.1098/rsif.2009.0526.focus |pmid=20106876 |pmc=2843992}}</ref> In particular, the Brazilian stingless bee ''[[Schwarziana quadripunctata]]'' is able to detect magnetic fields using the thousands of hair-like [[sensillum|sensilla]] on its antennae.<ref name="Esquivel 2005">{{cite journal |last1=Esquivel |first1=Darci M.S. |last2=Wajnberg |first2=E. |last3=do Nascimento |first3=F.S. |last4=Pinho |first4=M.B. |last5=Lins de Barros |first5=H.G.P. |last6=Eizemberg |first6=R. |year=2005 |title=Do Magnetic Storms Change Behavior of the Stingless Bee Guiriçu (''Schwarziana quadripunctata'')? |journal=[[Naturwissenschaften]] |volume=94 |issue=2 |pages=139–142 |doi=10.1007/s00114-006-0169-z |pmid=17028885|s2cid=10746883 }}</ref><ref name="Lucano 2005">{{cite journal |last1=Lucano |first1=M.J. |last2=Cernicchiaro |first2=G. |last3=Wajnberg |first3=E. |last4=Esquivel |first4=D.M.S. |year=2005 |title=Stingless Bee Antennae: A Magnetic Sensory Organ? |journal=[[BioMetals (journal)|BioMetals]] |volume=19 |issue=3 |pages=295–300 |doi=10.1007/s10534-005-0520-4 |pmid=16799867 |s2cid=10162385 }}</ref>