Editing Igbo language (section)

== Voice and valence ==
Igbo lacks the common valence-decreasing operation of [[passivization]], a fact which has led multiple scholars to claim that "voice is not a relevant category in Igbo."<ref name=":0" /> The language does, however, possess some valence-increasing operations that could be construed as [[Voice (grammar)|voice]] under a broader definition

{{interlinear|number=(8)
|Ógù a-vó-ọ-la
|Ogu PREF-be.open-SUFF-PRF
|'Ogu has become disgraced.'}}

{{interlinear|number=(9)
|Íbè e-mé-vọ-ọ-la Ogù.
|Ibe PREF-make-be.open-SUFF-PRF Ogu
|'Ibe has disgraced Ogu.'}}

{{interlinear|number=(10)
|Àfe isé kò-ro n'ezí.
|clothes five hang-PRF PREP-compound
|'Five items of clothing are hanging in the compound.'}}

{{interlinear|number=(11)
|Ókwu kò-we-re afe isé n'ezi.
|Okwu hang-INCH-PRF clothes five PREP-compound
|'Okwu hung five items of clothing in the compound.'}}

Igbo also possess an applicative construction, which takes the suffix ''-rV'', where ''V'' copies the previous vowel, and the applicative argument follows the verb directly. The applicative suffix is identical in form with the past tense suffix, with which it should not be confused.<ref name=":2" /> For example:<ref name=":3" />

{{interlinear
| number = (12)|Íbè nye-re m Ógù ákwụkwọ.|Ibe give-PRF-APPL 1sg Ogu book|'Ibe gave the book to Ogu for me.'
}}