Editing Celtiberian language (section)

==Sample texts==

=== First [[Botorrita plaque]], side A ===
One of four bronze plaques found in [[Botorrita]], this text was written in eastern [[Celtiberian script]]. The other side consists of a list of names. (K.01.01.A)
{{lang|xce|italic=no|
: trikantam : bergunetakam : togoitos-kue : sarnikio (:) kue : sua : kombalkez : nelitom
: nekue [: to-ver-daunei : litom : nekue : daunei : litom : nekue : masnai : dizaunei : litom : soz : augu
: aresta[lo] : damai : uta : oskues : stena : verzoniti : silabur : sleitom : konsklitom : gabizeti
: kantom [:] sanklistara : otanaum : togoitei : eni : uta : oskuez : boustom-ve : korvinom-ve
: makasiam-ve : ailam-ve : ambidiseti : kamanom : usabituz : ozas : sues : sailo : kusta : bizetuz : iom
: asekati : [a]mbidingounei : stena : es : vertai : entara : tiris : matus : dinbituz : neito : trikantam
: eni : oisatuz : iomui : listas : titas : zizonti : somui : iom : arznas : bionti : iom : kustaikos
: arznas : kuati : ias : ozias : vertatosue : temeiue : robiseti : saum : dekametinas : datuz : somei
: eni touzei : iste : ankios : iste : esankios : uze : areitena : sarnikiei : akainakubos
: nebintor : togoitei : ios : vramtiom-ve : auzeti : aratim-ve : dekametam : datuz : iom : togoitos-kue
: sarnikio-kue : aiuizas : kombalkores : aleites : iste : ires : ruzimuz : Ablu : ubokum
}}

<gallery>
Image:Botorrita 1.jpg|First Botorrita plaque ([[Zaragoza]]).
Image:Zaragoza - Museo - Grafito 01.jpg|Another Botorrita plaque ([[Zaragoza]]).
</gallery>

:'''{{lang|xce|italic=no|soz augu arestalo damai}}'''<ref name="Prosper2006">{{Cite journal |last=Prósper |first=Blanca María |year=2006 |title=SOZ AUKU ARESTALO TAMAI: La segunda línea del bronce de Botorrita y el anafórico celtibérico |journal=Palaeohispánica: Revista sobre lenguas y culturas de la Hispania antigua |publisher=Institución Fernando el Católico |issue=6 |pages=139–150 |url=https://ifc.dpz.es/recursos/publicaciones/25/20/07prosper.pdf}}</ref> 
:all this (is) valid by order of the competent authority

::'''{{lang|xce|italic=no|soz}}:''' all this (< ''*sod'').
::'''{{lang|xce|italic=no|augo}}:''' final, valid (< ''*h₂eug-os'' 'strong, valid', cf. Latin ''{{lang|la|augustus}}'' 'solemn').
::'''{{lang|xce|italic=no|arestalo}}:''' of the competent authority (gen. sing. ''{{lang|xce|arestalos}}'' < ''*pr̥Hi-steh₂-lo'' 'competent authority' < ''*pr̥Hi-sto'' 'what is first, authority').
::'''{{lang|xce|italic=no|damai}}:''' by order (instrumental fem. sing. < ''*dʰoh₁m-eh₂'' 'establish, dispose').
:(Translation: Prospér 2006)

:'''{{lang|xce|italic=no|saum dekametinas datuz somei eni touzei iste ankios iste es-ankios}}'''<ref name="Jordan2004">{{Cite journal |last=Jordán Cólera |first=Carlos |year=2004 |title=Celtibérico |journal=Monografías de Filología Griega |publisher=Universidad de Zaragoza |publication-place=Zaragoza |volume=16 |issue=IV |isbn=84-96214-38-9}}</ref>
: of these, he will give the tax inside of this territory, so be fenced as be unfenced

::'''{{lang|xce|italic=no|saum}}:''' of these (< ''*sa-ōm'').
::'''{{lang|xce|italic=no|dekametinas}}:''' the tithes, the tax.
::'''{{lang|xce|italic=no|datuz}}:''' he will pay, will give.
::'''{{lang|xce|italic=no|eni}}:''' inside, in (< ''*h₁en-i'').
::'''{{lang|xce|italic=no|somei}}:''' of this (loc. sing. < ''*so-sm-ei'' 'from this').
::'''{{lang|xce|italic=no|touzei}}:''' territory (loc. sing. < *''touzom'' 'territory' < ''*tewt-yo'').
::'''{{lang|xce|italic=no|iste ankios}}:''' so (be) fenced.
::'''{{lang|xce|italic=no|iste es-ankios}}:''' as (be) unfenced.

:(Transcription: Jordán 2004)

:'''{{lang|xce|italic=no|togoitei ios vramtiom-ve auzeti aratim-ve dekametam datuz}}'''
: In Togotis, he who draws water either for the green or for the farmland, the tithe (of their yield) he shall give

:(Translation: De Bernardo 2007)

=== Great inscription from Peñalba de Villastar ===
An inscription in the Latin alphabet in the Celtiberian sanctuary of [[Peñalba de Villastar]], in the current municipality of [[Villastar]], [[Teruel]] province. (K.03.03) Other translations, which differ dramatically from this and from each other, may be found in P. Sims-Williams' treatment of the Celtic languages in ''The Indo-European Languages''.<ref>Kapović, M. (editor) ''The Indo-European Languages'' Routledge: 2017. p. 360 https://archive.org/stream/MateKapoviTheIndoEuropeanLanguages/Mate%20Kapovi%C4%87%20The%20Indo-European%20Languages_djvu.txt</ref>

{{lang|xce|italic=no|
:eni Orosei
:uta Tigino tiatunei
:erecaias to Luguei
:araianom komeimu
:eni Orosei Ekuoisui-kue
:okris olokas togias sistat Luguei tiaso
:togias
}}

:{{lang|xce|italic=no|'''eni Orosei uta Tigino tiatunei erecaias to Luguei araianom comeimu'''}}
:In Orosis and the surroundings of Tigino river, we dedicate the fields to Lugus.

::'''{{lang|xce|italic=no|eni}}:''' in (< ''*h₁en-i'').
::'''{{lang|xce|italic=no|Orosei}}:''' Orosis (loc. sing. ''*oros-ei'').
::'''{{lang|xce|italic=no|uta}}:'''  and (conj. cop.).
::'''{{lang|xce|italic=no|Tigino}}:''' of Tigino (river) (gen. sing. ''*tigin-o'').
::'''{{lang|xce|italic=no|tiatunei}}:''' in the surroundings (loc. sing. ''*tiatoun-e''i < ''*to-yh₂eto-mn-ei'').
::'''{{lang|xce|italic=no|erecaias}}:''' the furrows > the land cultivated (acc. pl. fem. ''erekaiās'' < ''*perka-i-ans'' > English ''furrow'').
::'''{{lang|xce|italic=no|to Luguei}}:''' to Lugus.
::'''{{lang|xce|italic=no|araianom}}:''' properly, totally, (may be a verbal complement > ''*pare-yanom'', cfr. welsh ''iawn'').
::'''{{lang|xce|italic=no|comeimu}}:''' we dedicate (present 3 p.pl. ''komeimu < *komeimuz < *kom-ei-mos-i'').

:'''{{lang|xce|italic=no|eni Orosei Ekuoisui-kue okris olokas togias sistat Luguei}}'''
: In Orosis and Equeiso the hills, the vegetable gardens [and] the houses are dedicated to Lugus.

::'''{{lang|xce|italic=no|Ekuoisui}}:''' in Ekuoisu (loc. sing.)  '''''-kue:''''' and (< ''*-kʷe'').
::'''{{lang|xce|italic=no|okris}}:''' the hills (nom. pl. < ''*h₂ok-r-eyes'').
::'''{{lang|xce|italic=no|olokas}}:''' the vegetable gardens (nom. pl. ''olokas'' < *olkās < ''*polk-eh₂-s'' > English ''fallow'').
::'''{{lang|xce|italic=no|togias}}:''' (and) the roofs > houses (nom. pl. or gen. sg. ''togias'' < ''tog-ya-s'' > Old Irish ''tuige'' "cover, protection").<ref>Matasovic, R. ''Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic'' Leiden: Brill. 2009. p. 376</ref>
::'''{{lang|xce|italic=no|sistat}}:''' are they (dedicated) (3 p.pl. < ''*sistan''t < ''*si-sth₂-nti'').
::'''{{lang|xce|italic=no|Luguei}}:''' to Lug (dat. ''Lugue-i'').

:(Transcription: Meid 1994, Translation: Prósper 2002<ref name="Prosper2002">
Prósper, Blanca M. 2002: «La gran inscripción rupestre celtibérica de Peñalba de
Villastar. Una nueva interpretación», Palaeohispanica 2, pp.&nbsp;213–226.</ref>)

=== Bronze plaque of Torrijo del Campo ===
A bronze plaque found in Torrijo del Campo, Teruel province in 1996, using the eastern Celtiberian script.

{{lang|xce|italic=no|
:kelaunikui 
:derkininei : es 
:kenim : dures : lau 
:ni : olzui : obakai 
:eskenim : dures 
:useizunos : gorzo 
:nei : lutorikum : ei 
:subos : adizai : ekue : kar 
:tinokum : ekue : lankikum 
:ekue : tirtokum : silabur 
:sazom : ibos : esatui
}}

:'''{{lang|xce|italic=no|Lutorikum eisubos adizai ekue Kartinokum ekue Lankikum ekue Tirtokum silabur sazom ibos esatui (datuz)}}'''
: for those of the Lutorici included in the duty, and also of the Cartinoci, of the Lancici and of the Tritoci, must give enough  money to settle the debt with them.

::'''{{lang|xce|italic=no|Lutorikum}}:''' of the Lutorici ( gen. masc. pl.).
::'''{{lang|xce|italic=no|eisubos}}:''' for those included ( < ''*h<sub>1</sub>epi-s-o-bʰos'').
::'''{{lang|xce|italic=no|adizai}}:''' in the assignment, in the duty (loc. fem. sing. < ''*adittia'' < ''*ad-dik-tia''. Cfr. Latin ''addictio'' 'assignment').
::'''{{lang|xce|italic=no|ekue}}:''' and also (< ''*h₂et(i)kʷe'').
::'''{{lang|xce|italic=no|Kartinokum}}:''' of the Cartinoci ( gen. masc. pl.).
::'''{{lang|xce|italic=no|Lankikum}}:''' of the Lancici ( gen. masc. pl.).
::'''{{lang|xce|italic=no|Tirtokum}}:''' of the Tritoci ( gen. masc. pl.).
::'''{{lang|xce|italic=no|silabur}}:''' money.
::'''{{lang|xce|italic=no|sazom}}:''' enough (< ''*sātio'' < ''*seh₂t-yo'').
::'''{{lang|xce|italic=no|ibos}}:''' for them (dat.3 p.pl. ''ibus'' < ''*i-bʰos'').
::'''{{lang|xce|italic=no|esatui}}:''' to settle the debt (< ''*essato'' < ''*eks-h₂eg-to''. Cfr. Latin ''ex-igo'' 'demand, require' & ''exactum'' 'identical, equivalent').
::'''{{lang|xce|italic=no|datuz}}:''' must give (< ''*dh₃-tōd'').

:(Transcription and Translation: Prósper 2015)

<gallery>
Image:Zaragoza - Museo - Bronce epigráfico.jpg|Cortono plaque. Unknown origin.
Image:Bronce luzaga.jpg|[[Luzaga's bronze]] ([[Guadalajara, Spain|Guadalajara]]).
Image:Tésera hospitalidad (Uxama).jpg|Uxama [[tessera]] (Osma, [[Soria]]).
Image:Tessera Celtiberian (unknown).jpg|Fröhner [[tessera]]. Unknown origin.
</gallery>