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Mam language
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===Non-verbal predicates=== Mam adds Set B person markers to nouns and adjectives to form non-verbal predicates. The following Set B person markers are used for non-verbal predicates (i.e., nouns, adjectives). Also, in statives, ''aa'' can be omitted when the rest of the stative is a non-[[clitic|enclitic]] (in other words, a separate, independent word). {| class="wikitable" |+Mam Set B Pronominal Markers<br/>(non-verbal predicates) !c=01| Person !c=02| Stative<ref>Means 'This is X.'</ref> !c=03| Locative / Existental<ref>Means 'X is in a place.'</ref> |- !c=01| 1s |c=02| (aa) qiin-a |c=03| (a)t-iin-a |- !c=01| 2s |c=02| aa-ya |c=03| (a)t-(a始-y)a |- !c=01| 3s |c=02| aa |c=03| (a)t-(a始) |- !c=01| 1p (excl.) |c=02| (aa) qo始-ya |c=03| (a)t-o始-ya |- !c=01| 1p (incl.) |c=02| (aa) qo始 |c=03| (a)t-o始 |- !c=01| 2p |c=02| aa-qa-ya |c=03| (a)t-e始-ya |- !c=01| 3p |c=02| aa-qa |c=03| (a)t-e始 |} {{clear}} Paradigmatic examples of non-verbal predicates from England (1983) are given below.{{sfn|England|1983|p=76}} {{Columns-start}} {| class="wikitable" |- ! colspan=2|NOUN + Set B markers |- |''xjaal'' |'''person''' |- |xjaal qiin-a |'I am a person.' |- |xjaal-a |'You are a person.' |- |xjaal |'He/she is a person.' |- |xjaal qo始-ya |'We (excl.) are persons.' |- |xjaal qo- |'We (incl.) are persons.' |- |xjaal qa-ya |'You all are persons.' |- |xjaal qa |'They are persons.' |} {{Column}} {| class="wikitable" |- ! colspan=2|ADJECTIVE + Set B markers |- |''sikynaj'' |'''tired''' |- |sikynaj qiin-a |'I am tired.' |- |sikynaj-a |'You are tired.' |- |sikynaj |'He/she is tired.' |- |sikynaj qo始-ya |'We (excl.) are tired.' |- |sikynaj qo始 |'We (incl.) are tired.' |- |sikynaj qa-ya |'You all are tired.' |- |sikynaj qa |'They are tired.' |} {{Columns-end}} <section begin="list-of-glossing-abbreviations"/><div style="display:none;"> REC:recent past AP:antipassive suffix PAS:passive suffix POT:potential aspect ABS:absolutive agreement (Set B) ERG:ergative agreement (Set A) DEP:dependent suffix DIR:directional ENC:person enclitic INTENS:intensive REL:relational noun PAT:patient TV:transitive verb IMP:imperative CL:noun classifier </div><section end="list-of-glossing-abbreviations"/>
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