Editing Georg von Trapp (section)

==Naval career==
In 1894, aged fourteen, Trapp followed in his father's footsteps and joined the [[Austro-Hungarian Navy]], entering the [[:de:Marineakademie Fiume|Imperial and Royal Naval Academy]] at [[Fiume]].<ref name="salute" /> As part of their required education, all naval cadets were taught to play a musical instrument; Georg von Trapp selected the violin.<ref name="foundation_naval" /> He graduated four years later and completed two years of follow-on training voyages, including one to [[Australia]], as a cadet aboard the sail training corvette SMS ''Saida II''.<ref name="foundation_naval"/> On the voyage home, he visited the [[Holy Land]], where he met a [[Franciscan]] friar who took him on a tour of all the Biblical sites he wanted to see. Among other things, Trapp bought seven bottles of water from the [[Jordan River]] which were later used to [[baptize]] his first seven children.<ref name=salute/>

In 1900, he was assigned to the [[protected cruiser]] {{SMS|Zenta}} and was decorated for his performance during the [[Boxer Rebellion]] in China, in which he participated in the assault on the [[Battle of the Taku Forts (1900)|Taku Forts]].<ref name="foundation_naval"/> In 1902, he passed the final officer's examination, and was commissioned a ''[[Fregattenleutnant]]'' (frigate lieutenant, equivalent to [[sub-lieutenant]]) in May 1903.<ref name="foundation_naval"/> He was fascinated by [[submarine]]s, and in 1908 seized the opportunity to transfer to the navy's newly formed submarine arm, or ''U-boot-Waffe'', receiving promotion to ''[[Linienschiffsleutnant]]'' (ship-of-the-line lieutenant, or lieutenant) that November.<ref name="foundation_naval"/> In 1910 he was given command of the newly constructed {{ship|SM|U-6|Austria-Hungary|6}}.<ref name=nara2>{{Cite news|first=Joan|last=Gearin|url=https://www.archives.gov/publications/prologue/2005/winter/von-trapps.html|title=The Real Story of the von Trapp Family|access-date=5 January 2009|quote=Maria Kutschera and Georg von Trapp married in 1927. They had three children together: Rosmarie (born 1928 or 1929) <!-- Please do not add just the 8 February 1929 date used in the book by her mother, you have to include the legal documents that use the date 8 February 1928-->, Eleonore (born 1931), and Johannes (born 1939).|publisher=[[National Archives and Records Administration]] }}</ref> He commanded ''U-6'' until 1913.<ref>{{Cite web |title=G&A {{!}} Georg's Naval Career |url=http://www.georgandagathe.org/history--georg-s-naval-career.html |access-date=2022-07-12 |website=Georg & Agathe Foundation |language=en}}</ref>

===World War I===

On 17 April 1915, Trapp took command of {{ship|SM|U-5|Austria-Hungary|6}}. He conducted nine combat patrols in ''U-5'', and sank two enemy warships. One was the French armored cruiser {{ship|French cruiser|Léon Gambetta||2}}, sunk at {{Coord|39|30|N|18|15|E}} on 27 April 1915, {{convert|25|km|nmi mi|abbr=off}} south of Cape Santa Maria di Leuca. In hunting and sinking  ''Gambetta'', Trapp achieved a notable success as commander of the first-ever underwater nighttime (and only the second) submarine attack on a vessel in the Adriatic.<ref name="foundation_naval"/> Just over three months later, he sank the Italian submarine {{ship|Italian submarine|Nereide|1913|2}} at {{Coord|42|23|N|16|16|E}} on 5 August 1915, {{convert|250|m|yd}} off [[Palagruža|Pelagosa (Palagruža) Island]].<ref>von Trapp, p. 41.</ref> He also captured the Greek steamer ''Cefalonia'' off [[Durrës|Durazzo]] on 29 August 1915. Some sources incorrectly credit Trapp with sinking the Italian troop transport and [[armed merchant cruiser]] {{SS|Principe Umberto||2}},<ref>{{cite book |last1=Cummins |first1=C. Lyle |title=Diesels for the first stealth weapon : submarine power 1902-1945 |date=2007 |publisher=Carnot Press |location=Wilsonville, Oregon |isbn=9780917308062 |page=105 |quote=George Ritter von Trapp, of von Trapp Family Singers fame ... was also skipper when she torpedoed ... the loaded Italian troop transport ''Principe Umberto'' ...}}</ref> which resulted in the greatest loss of life in any submarine attack in World War I, but the ship was actually sunk by ''U-5'', commanded by Friedrich Schlosser.<ref>{{cite web |title=Linenschiffleutnant Friedrich Schlosser |url=https://www.uboat.net/wwi/men/commanders/533.html |website=uboat.net}}</ref>

Trapp was transferred to the {{ship|SM|U-14|Austria-Hungary|6}}, the former [[Curie (Q 87)|French submarine ''Curie'']], which had been sunk and salvaged by the Austro-Hungarian Navy.<ref>{{harvnb|von Trapp|2007|p=67}}</ref> He conducted ten more war patrols in the much larger submarine, attacking merchant ships instead of warships. Between April 1917 and October 1917, ''U-14'' sank 11 Allied merchant ships under Trapp's command.

In May 1918, he was promoted to [[Corvette captain|''Korvettenkapitän'']] (equal to [[lieutenant commander]]) and given command of the submarine base at [[Kotor|Cattaro]] in the [[Gulf of Kotor]]. However, Austria-Hungary's defeat in World War I led to the empire's collapse. The territory of the Austro-Hungarian Empire was divided among seven countries, with the [[Kingdom of Yugoslavia|Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes]] keeping most of the seacoast. The [[Republic of German-Austria]] was landlocked and no longer had a navy, putting an end to Trapp's naval career.<ref name=salute/>

===War record===

Trapp's patrols in ''U-5'' and ''U-14'' made him the most successful Austro-Hungarian submarine commander of World War I, sinking 11 Allied merchant ships totaling 47,653 [[Gross register tonnage|GRT]] and two Allied warships [[Displacement (ship)|displacing]] a total of 12,641 tons.<ref name="uboat.net"/>{{efn|name=hudecek|Some sources incorrectly credit [[Zdenko Hudeček]] with being the most successful Austro-Hungarian submarine commander of the war.<ref>{{cite book |last1=O'Hara |first1=Vincent P. |title=To Crown the Waves: The Great Navies of the First World War |date=2013 |publisher=Naval Institute Press |location=Annapolis, Maryland |isbn=9781612512693 |quote=Overall, Austro-Hungarian submarines in the Adiratic and Mediterranean sank 196,093 GRT of enemy and neutral merchant ships. The top aces were Lieutenant Commander Zdenko Hudecek and Georg von Trapp, who accounted for 47,788 and 44,595 GRT, respectively.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Pergl |first1=G. E. |title=Historical Abstracts: Twentieth century abstracts, 1914-. Part B. |date=1973 |publisher=American Bibliographical Center of ABC-Clio |page=14 |quote=... show clearly that the Austrian submarine ace of the period was not George von Trapp, but Zdenko Hudeček, who with his submarine U-28, sank 12 enemy ships, totaling 48,000 tons gross weight.}}</ref> Trapp is ahead of Hudeček when warship displacement is added to merchant tonnage, giving him over 60,000 tons of enemy ships sunk.<ref name="foundation_naval"/><ref>{{cite book |last1=Sondhaus |first1=Lawrence |title=The Great War at Sea: A Naval History of the First World War |date=2014 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=Cambridge, England |isbn=9781107036901 |page=275 |quote=The leading commanders in terms of tonnage sunk were Germany's Lothar von Arnauld de la Perière ... and for Austria-Hungary's much smaller effort, Georg von Trapp, who sank 60,294 tons ...}}</ref> Hudeček is competitive on merchant ship tonnage sunk, but only when he is credited with sinking the British tanker ''Mitra'', which was actually damaged but not sunk.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanker Mitra |url=https://www.uboat.net/wwi/ships_hit/4185.html |website=uboat.net}}</ref><ref name="sárhida">{{cite book |last1=Sárhida |first1=Gyula |title=Tengerek szürke farkasai |date=1989 |publisher=Maecenas |location=Budapest |isbn=9789637425158 |page=98 |quote=1. von Trapp, U-14, 11- 44 595 BRT* 2. Hudecek, U-17, U-28, 11- 39 727 BRT}}</ref> When ''Mitra'' is removed from Hudeček's list, Trapp is ahead even on merchant shipping.<ref name="sárhida"/><ref name="uboat.net"/><ref name="uboat.net_hudecek">{{cite web |title=Linenschiffleutnant Zdenko Hudecek|url=https://www.uboat.net/wwi/men/commanders/513.html |website=uboat.net}}</ref>}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+ Vessels attacked while in command of ''U-5''
! scope="col" | Date
! scope="col" | Vessel
! scope="col" | Nationality
! scope="col" | Fate
|-
| align="right"|27 April 1915
| align="left" |{{ship|French cruiser|Léon Gambetta||2}}
| align="left" |{{navy|France|name=France}}
| align="right"|Sunk
|-
| align="right"|5 August 1915
| align="left" |{{ship|Italian submarine|Nereide|1913|2}}
| align="left" |{{navy|Kingdom of Italy|name=Italy}}
| align="right"|Sunk
|-
| align="right"|29 August 1915
| align="left" |[[List of shipwrecks in August 1915#29 August|''Cefalonia'']]
| align="left" |{{flag|Greece|old}}
| align="left" |Captured
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+ Vessels sunk while in command of ''U-14''
! scope="col" | Date
! scope="col" | Vessel
! scope="col" | Nationality
! scope="col" | Location
|-
| align="right"|28 April 1917
| align="left" |[[List of shipwrecks in April 1917#28 April|''Teakwood'']]
| align="left" |{{flag|United Kingdom|civil}}
| align="right"|{{Coord|36|39|N|21|10|E}}
|-
| align="right"|3 May 1917
| align="left" |[[List of shipwrecks in May 1917#3 May|''Antonio Sciesa'']]
| align="left" |{{flag|Kingdom of Italy|name=Italy}}
| align="right"|{{Coord|36|39|N|21|15|E}}
|-
| align="right"|5 July 1917
| align="left" |[[List of shipwrecks in July 1917#5 July|''Marionga Goulandris'']]
| align="left" |{{flag|Kingdom of Greece|state|name=Greece}}
| align="right"|{{Coord|35|38|N|22|36|E}}
|-
| align="right"|23 August 1917
| align="left" |[[List of shipwrecks in August 1917#23 August|''Constance'']]
| align="left" |{{flag|French Third Republic|name=France}}
| align="right"|{{Coord|36|51|N|17|25|E}}
|-
| align="right"|24 August 1917
| align="left" |[[List of shipwrecks in August 1917#24 August|''Kilwinning'']]
| align="left" |{{flag|United Kingdom|civil}}
| align="right"|{{Coord|35|26|N|16|30|E}}
|-
| align="right"|26 August 1917
| align="left" |[[List of shipwrecks in August 1917#26 August|''Titian'']]
| align="left" |{{flag|United Kingdom|civil}}
| align="right"|{{Coord|34|20|N|17|30|E}}
|-
| align="right"|28 August 1917
| align="left" |[[List of shipwrecks in August 1917#28 August|''Nairn'']]
| align="left" |{{flag|United Kingdom|civil}}
| align="right"|{{Coord|34|05|N|19|20|E}}
|-
| align="right"|29 August 1917
| align="left" |{{SS|Milazzo||2}}
| align="left" |{{flag|Kingdom of Italy|name=Italy}}
| align="right"|{{Coord|34|44|N|19|16|E}}
|-
| align="right"|18 October 1917
| align="left" |[[List of shipwrecks in October 1917#18 October|''Good Hope'']]
| align="left" |{{flag|United Kingdom|civil}}
| align="right"|{{Coord|35|53|N|17|05|E}}
|-
| align="right"|18 October 1917
| align="left" |[[List of shipwrecks in October 1917#18 October|''Elsiston'']]
| align="left" |{{flag|United Kingdom|civil}}
| align="right"|{{Coord|35|40|N|17|28|E}}
|-
| align="right"|23 October 1917
| align="left" |[[List of shipwrecks in October 1917#23 October|''Capo Di Monte'']]
| align="left" |{{flag|Kingdom of Italy|name=Italy}}
| align="right"|{{Coord|34|53|N|19|50|E}}
|}

===Orders, decorations and medals===
* Knight's Cross of the [[Military Order of Maria Theresa]] (1924)
* Knight's Cross of the [[Order of Leopold (Austria)|Imperial Order of Leopold]]
* Knight 2nd Class of the [[Order of the Iron Crown (Austria)|Order of the Iron Crown]] (1917)
* Bronze [[Military Merit Medal (Austria-Hungary)|Military Merit Medal]] ("Signum Laudis")
* [[Military Merit Cross (Austria-Hungary)|Military Merit Cross]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://uboat.net/wwi/men/commanders/542.html|title=Korvettenkapitän Georg Ritter von Trapp - German and Austrian U-boats of World War One - Kaiserliche Marine - uboat.net|website=uboat.net}}</ref>
* 1898 Jubilee Medal
* 1908 Jubilee Cross
* War Medal 1914–1918 with swords
* Long Service Cross (18 years)
* [[Iron Cross|Iron Cross 1st and 2nd Class]] (German Empire)
* [[Liakat Medal]] (Ottoman Empire)
* [[Order of St. Stanislaus (Russian Empire)|Order of St. Stanislaus 3rd Class]] (Russian Empire)