Editing Sultanate of Rum (section)

===Establishment===
Since the 1030s, migratory Turkish groups in search of pastureland had penetrated Byzantine borders into Anatolia.<ref>A.C.S. Peacock and Sara Nur Yildiz, ''The Seljuks of Anatolia: Court and Society in the Medieval Middle East'', (I.B. Tauris, 2015), 12.</ref> In the 1070s, after the [[battle of Manzikert]], the Seljuk commander [[Suleiman ibn Qutulmish]], a distant cousin of [[Alp Arslan]] and a former contender for the throne of the [[Seljuk Empire]], came to power in western [[Anatolia]]. Between 1075 and 1081, he gained control of the [[Byzantine Empire|Byzantine]] cities of Nicaea (present-day [[İznik]]) and briefly also [[Nicomedia]] (present-day [[İzmit]]). Around two years later, he established a principality that, while initially a Byzantine [[vassal state]], became increasingly independent after six to ten years.<ref>Sicker, Martin, ''The Islamic world in ascendancy: from the Arab conquests to the siege of Vienna'', (Greenwood Publishing Group, 2000), 63–64.</ref><ref>A.C.S. Peacock and Sara Nur Yildiz, ''The Seljuks of Anatolia: Court and Society in the Medieval Middle East'', (I.B. Tauris, 2015), 72.</ref> Nevertheless, it seems that Suleiman was tasked by Byzantine emperor [[Alexios I Komnenos]] in 1085 to reconquer [[Antioch]] and the former travelled there on a secret route, presumably guided by the Byzantines.{{sfn|Frankopan|2013|p=51}}

Suleiman tried, unsuccessfully, to conquer [[Aleppo]] in 1086, and died in the [[Battle of Ain Salm]], either fighting his enemies or by suicide.{{sfn|Frankopan|2013|p=52}} In the aftermath, Suleiman's son [[Kilij Arslan I]] was imprisoned and a general of his, [[Abu'l-Qasim (Seljuk governor of Nicaea)|Abu'l-Qasim]], took power in Nicaea.<ref>Sicker, Martin, ''The Islamic world in ascendancy: from the Arab conquests to the siege of Vienna '', (Greenwood Publishing Group, 2000), 65.</ref> Following the death of sultan [[Malik-Shah I|Malik Shah]] in 1092, Kilij Arslan was released and established himself in his father's territories between 1092 and 1094, possibly with the approval of Malik Shah's son and successor [[Berkyaruq]].{{sfn|Frankopan|2013|pp=68–69}}