Editing Tumbuka language (section)

== Official and regional status ==
In 1947, Chitumbuka was made an official language of Malawi for 21 years along with Chewa and English. It was in 1968 when [[Hastings Banda|Hastings Kamuzu Banda]] removed the language as a result of his one-nation, one-language policy.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last1=Conference |first1=Foundation for Endangered Languages |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UM3BMtn6TmcC&dq=Chinyanja+and+Chitumbuka&pg=PA48 |title=On the Margins of Nations: Endangered Languages and Linguistic Rights: proceedings of the eighth FEL Conference : Barcelona (Catalonia), Spain, 1-3 October 2004 / editors: Joan A. Argenter & R. McKenna Brown |last2=Argenter |first2=Joan A. |last3=Brown |first3=R. McKenna |date=2004-01-01 |publisher=Institut d'Estudis Catalans |isbn=978-0-9538248-6-1 |language=en}}</ref> The Chitumbuka language suffered a lot during the rule of President Banda.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Kondowe |first1=Wellman |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XgcQEQAAQBAJ&dq=Chinyanja+and+Chitumbuka&pg=PT53 |title=Multilingualism in Southern Africa: Issues and Perspectives |last2=Kamanga |first2=Chimwemwe M. M. |last3=Madula |first3=Precious |date=2024-07-31 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=978-1-040-04581-7 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Shapiro |first1=Ian |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=risVCgAAQBAJ&dq=Chinyanja+and+Chitumbuka&pg=PA483 |title=Ethnicity and Group Rights: Nomos XXXIX |last2=Kymlicka |first2=Will |date=1997 |publisher=NYU Press |isbn=978-0-8147-9772-3 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1" /> It was removed from the school curriculum, the national radio, and the print media.<ref name=":1" /> With the advent of multi-party democracy in 1994, Chitumbuka programmes were started again on the radio.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Matiki |first=Alfred J. I. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=V-kiAQAAMAAJ&q=Chinyanja+and+Chitumbuka |title=An Exploration of Language Planning Issues in Malawi |date=1998 |publisher=African Studies Center, Boston University |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite book |last=Broadcasting |first=Malawi Ministry of Information and |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WWAvAQAAIAAJ&q=chitumbuka |title=An Official Handbook |date=1966 |language=en}}</ref>